Rhamnocitrin

Rhamnocitrin
Product Name Rhamnocitrin
CAS No.: 569-92-6
Catalog No.: CFN97724
Molecular Formula: C16H12O6
Molecular Weight: 300.27 g/mol
Purity: >=98%
Type of Compound: Flavonoids
Physical Desc.: Yellow powder
Targets: HO-1 | ERK | MEK | p38MAPK | Immunology & Inflammation related
Source: The rhizomes of Alpinia officinarum Hance.
Solvent: Chloroform, Dichloromethane, Ethyl Acetate, DMSO, Acetone, etc.
Price: $268/10mg
Rhamnocitrin can enhance the immune function, improve the formation of spleen cells of mice serum hemolysin of chicken red blood cell immune. Rhamnocitrin possesses significant anticataract activity and acts most likely due to its antioxidant property, it shows a significant protection against cloudiness in lenses induced by hydrogen peroxide and hydrocortisone in a dose dependent manner.Rhamnocitrin and kaempferol can augment cellular antioxidant defense capacity, at least in part, through regulation of HO-1 expression and MAPK signal transduction; they not only protect low-density lipoprotein from oxidation but also prevent atherogenesis through suppressing macrophage uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein.
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Providing storage is as stated on the product vial and the vial is kept tightly sealed, the product can be stored for up to 24 months(2-8C).

Wherever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20C. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks. Before use, and prior to opening the vial we recommend that you allow your product to equilibrate to room temperature for at least 1 hour.

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The packaging of the product may have turned upside down during transportation, resulting in the natural compounds adhering to the neck or cap of the vial. take the vial out of its packaging and gently shake to let the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial. for liquid products, centrifuge at 200-500 RPM to gather the liquid at the bottom of the vial. try to avoid loss or contamination during handling.
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    Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine,2012,12(3):227 -32.
    Anticataract activity of rhamnocitrin isolated from Bauhinia variegata stem bark.[Reference: WebLink]
    A cataract is any clouding or opaque area in the eye’s natural lens, which is normally crystal clear, is the leading cause of blindness worldwide. It accounts for approximately 42% of all blindness. Approximately 25% of the population over 65 and about 50% over 80 age has serious loss of vision because of cataract. Most cataracts progress and eventually hamper vision. Multiple mechanisms have been implicated in the development of cataract. But the exact pathogenesis which leads to opacification is not clearly known. Oxidative damage to the lens has been recognized as the initiating event in the pathogenesis of cataracts.
    METHODS AND RESULTS:
    In cataract, the oxidation-antioxidant equilibrium shift more towards oxidative stress. Accordingly, antioxidants could prove potential anticataract agents. Rhamnocitrin, a flavonoid, possess strong antioxidant effects; can be used effectively to manage the cataract. Therefore, anticataract activity of Rhamnocitrin (10, 20, 40 and 80 μg), isolated from Bauhinia variegata (Leguminosae) stem bark, was studied in ovine and chick embryo lens model. It showed a significant protection against cloudiness in lenses induced by hydrogen peroxide and hydrocortisone in a dose dependent manner.
    CONCLUSIONS:
    The findings suggest that Rhamnocitrin possess significant anticataract activity and act most likely due to its antioxidant property.
    J Agric Food Chem. 2007 Nov 28;55(24):9969-76.
    Antiatherogenic effects of kaempferol and rhamnocitrin.[Pubmed: 17973448]
    Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall. Kaempferol and Rhamnocitrin (kaempferol 7-O-methyl ether) are two anti-inflammatory flavonoids commonly found in plants. The aim of this study is to investigate the function of kaempferol and Rhamnocitrin on prevention of atherosclerosis.
    METHODS AND RESULTS:
    Chemical analyses demonstrated that kaempferol and Rhamnocitrin were scavengers of DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) with IC50 of 26.10 +/- 1.33 and 28.38 +/- 3.07 microM, respectively. Copper-induced low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation was inhibited by kaempferol and Rhamnocitrin, with similar potency, as measured by decreased formation of malondialdehyde and relative electrophoretic mobility (REM) on agarose gel, while Rhamnocitrin reduced delayed formation of conjugated dienes better than kaempferol. Cholesterol-laden macrophages are the hallmark of atherogenesis. The class B scavenger receptor, CD36, binds oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), is found in atherosclerotic lesions, and is up-regulated by oxLDL. Addition of kaempferol and Rhamnocitrin (20 microM) caused significant reductions in cell surface CD36 protein expression in THP-1-derived macrophages (p < 0.05). Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-Q-PCR) showed that kaempferol and Rhamnocitrin (20 microM) decreased oxLDL-induced CD36 mRNA expression (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). Kaempferol- and Rhamnocitrin-treated macrophages also showed reduction in 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanide perchlorate (DiI)-labeled oxLDL uptake.
    CONCLUSIONS:
    Current evidences indicate that kaempferol and Rhamnocitrin not only protect LDL from oxidation but also prevent atherogenesis through suppressing macrophage uptake of oxLDL.
    J Chromatogr Sci . 2016 Oct 17;54(9):1605-1612.
    Simultaneous Determination of Formononetin, Calycosin and Rhamnocitrin from Astragalus Complanatus by UHPLC-MS-MS in Rat Plasma: Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study[Pubmed: 27325683]
    Abstract This assay provided a novel and generally applicable method to simultaneously determine formononetin, calycosin and Rhamnocitrin in rat plasma based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. A single step of protein precipitation procedure with methanol was utilized, and luteolin was chosen as an internal standard. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a Waters Symmetry-C18 column, and the applied isocratic elution program allowed for the simultaneous determination of the three flavones in a one-step chromatographic separation with a total run time of 3.5 min. The fully validated methodology for the analytes demonstrated high sensitivity, good accuracy and precision. The average recoveries of the analytes and internal standard were all above 91.0% and no obvious matrix effect was observed. This method was successfully applied to the preclinical pharmacokinetic studies of formononetin, calycosin and Rhamnocitrin in rats. The results would be helpful to provide some references to clinical application of this herb.
    Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2009 May 15;237(1):59-68.
    Regulation of heme oxygenase-1 expression and MAPK pathways in response to kaempferol and rhamnocitrin in PC12 cells.[Pubmed: 19265714]
    Oxidative stress has been considered as a major cause of cellular injuries in a variety of clinical abnormalities, especially neural diseases. Our aim of research is to investigate the protective effects and mechanisms of kaempferol and Rhamnocitrin (kaempferol-7-methyl ether) on oxidative damage in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells induced by a limited supply of serum and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
    METHODS AND RESULTS:
    The current result demonstrated that kaempferol protected PC12 cells from serum deprivation-induced apoptosis. Pretreatment of cells with kaempferol also diminished intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to H2O2 and strongly elevated cell viability. RT-Q-PCR and Western blotting revealed that kaempferol and Rhamnocitrin significantly induced heme oxygenase (HO)-1 gene expression. Addition of zinc protoporphyrin (Znpp), a HO-1 competitive inhibitor, significantly attenuated their protective effects in H2O2-treated cells, indicating the vital role of HO-1 in cell resistance to oxidative injury. While investigating the signaling pathways responsible for HO-1 induction, we observed that kaempferol induced sustained extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in PC12 cells grown in low serum medium; while Rhamnocitrin only stimulated transient ERK cascade. Addition of U0126, a highly selective inhibitor of MEK1/2, which is upstream of ERK1/2, had no effect on kaempferol- or Rhamnocitrin-induced HO-1 mRNA expression, indicating no direct cross-talk between these two pathways. Furthermore, both kaempferol and Rhamnocitrin were able to persistently attenuate p38 phosphorylation.
    CONCLUSIONS:
    Taking together, the above findings suggest that kaempferol and Rhamnocitrin can augment cellular antioxidant defense capacity, at least in part, through regulation of HO-1 expression and MAPK signal transduction.
    Chinese Journal of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine,2015, 22(5):57-9.
    Effects of Rhamnocitrin in Oxytropis Falcata on Nonspecial Immune Function of Immunosuppressive Mice.[Reference: WebLink]
    To study action mechanism of Rhamnocitrin in Oxytropis Falcata on enhance the immune function.
    METHODS AND RESULTS:
    Kunming mice were randomly divided into blank control group, model group, positive control group, traditional Chinese medicine high, medium, and low dose groups. All treatment groups received gavage with relevant medicine for 10 days. From the 8th day, blank control group received intraperitoneal injection with normal saline, while other groups received intraperitoneal injection with cyclophosphamide for 3 days. Through macrophages carbon clearance test, macrophage phagocytosis of chicken erythrocytes test, and immunosuppressive mice organ index detection, effects of Rhamnocitrin in Oxytropis Falcata on nonspecific immune function of immunosuppressive mice were observed. Compared with model group and blank control group, traditional Chinese medicine high, medium, and low dose groups could improve the phagocytic activity of immunosuppressive mice, clearance index, and phagocytic coefficient(P 0.05), and increase the organ index of the thymus and spleen. Compared with the positive control group, the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine high, medium, and low dose groups was low.
    CONCLUSIONS:
    Rhamnocitrin in Oxytropis Falcata can enhance the immune function, improve the formation of spleen cells of mice serum hemolysin of chicken red blood cell immune.
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