Ligularizine
Ligularizine, ligularidine, and neoligularidine are possibly genotoxic carcinogens.
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Providing storage is as stated on the product vial and the vial is kept tightly sealed, the product can be stored for up to
24 months(2-8C).
Wherever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20C. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks. Before use, and prior to opening the vial we recommend that you allow your product to equilibrate to room temperature for at least 1 hour.
Need more advice on solubility, usage and handling? Please email to: service@chemfaces.com
The packaging of the product may have turned upside down during transportation, resulting in the natural compounds adhering to the neck or cap of the vial. take the vial out of its packaging and gently shake to let the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial. for liquid products, centrifuge at 200-500 RPM to gather the liquid at the bottom of the vial. try to avoid loss or contamination during handling.
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Cancer Res. 1985 Jul;45(7):3125-9.
Genotoxicity of a variety of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in the hepatocyte primary culture-DNA repair test using rat, mouse, and hamster hepatocytes.[Pubmed:
4005849]
Seventeen pyrrolizidine alkaloids were studied with the hepatocyte primary culture-DNA repair test using rat hepatocytes.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
DNA repair synthesis was elicited by 15 alkaloids, including 11 of unknown carcinogenicity, i.e., senecionine, seneciphylline, jacobine, epoxyseneciphylline, senecicannabine, acetylfukinotoxin, syneilesine, dihydroclivorine, ligularidine, neoligularidine, and Ligularizine. The positive results with these alkaloids of unknown carcinogenicity suggest that they are possibly genotoxic carcinogens. The two pyrrolizidine alkaloids that did not elicit DNA repair were retronecine which lacks a necic acid component and ligularinine which lacks the unsaturated double bond at the 1,2-position of the pyrrolizidine ring. Five pyrrolizidine alkaloids, retronecine, monocrotaline, seneciphylline, senkirkine, and clivorine, were also tested in the DNA repair test with hamster or mouse hepatocytes. These alkaloids, except retronecine, showed a positive response in the test with hamster hepatocytes, but in the test with mouse hepatocytes clivorine in addition to retronecine was also negative.
CONCLUSIONS:
The results indicate a species difference in liver bioactivation of pyrrolizidine alkaloids, implying that there could be species differences in their carcinogenic activities.
Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 1984 , 32 (2) :475-482.
Studies on Constituents of Crude Drugs. XV. New Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids from Ligularia dentata[Reference:
WebLink]
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Four new pyrrolizidine alkaloids, ligularidine, neoligularidine, Ligularizine and ligularinine, were isolated together with the known compound clivorine from the roots and aerial parts of Ligularia dentata. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of the spectral data and chemical conversion of clivorine into these alkaloids.
CONCLUSIONS:
A useful epoxidation of pyrrolizidine alkaloids was achieved by using performic acid.
