Catalposide

J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2008 Sep 10;48(1):127-33.

Electrochemical and spectrometric study of antioxidant activity of pomiferin, isopomiferin, osajin and catalposide.[Pubmed: 18597965]

The antioxidant properties of pomiferin, isopomiferin, osajin and Catalposide are evaluated. The electrochemical behaviour of these compounds at a carbon paste electrode was studied using square wave voltammetry.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Oxidative signals, optimized frequencies and appropriate pH acetate buffer conditions were determined. The detection limits (3S/N) for pomiferin, isopomiferin, osajin and Catalposide were estimated to be 50 pg/ml, 800 pg/ml, 40 pg/ml and 10 ng/ml, respectively. Furthermore, spectrometric test was employed with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyle (DPPH) to evaluate the antioxidant activities of these compounds. Based on the obtained results, the highest antioxidant activity measured by DPPH tests was found at pomiferin followed by isopomiferin. The activities of osajin and Catalposide were undetectable. The protective effects of pomiferin, isopomiferin, osajin and Catalposide on DNA exposed to oxygen radicals in vitro were also studied. Changes in height of oxidative signals for the four bases (guanine, thymine, adenine and cytosine) were measured for DNA exposed to oxygen radicals, generated by Fenton's reaction, non-oxidized ssDNA (50 microg/ml) displayed well developed signals; however, after oxidative damage the observed oxidative signals decreased. Significant protective effects were observed for pomiferin and osajin. Decreased effect was observed for isopomiferin while a further reduced protective effect was seen for DNA exposed to Catalposide.
CONCLUSIONS:
Based on the obtained results, pomiferin had the highest antioxidant activity followed by isopomiferin, osajin and Catalposide.

Planta Med. 2002 Aug;68(8):685-9.

Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthesis by catalposide from Catalpa ovata.[Pubmed: 12221588]

Catalposide (1) and two related iridoids were isolated from the stem of Catalpa ovata (Bignoniaceae) by bioassay guided fractionation.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Catalposide (1) significantly inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. RT-PCR and Western blot analyses demonstrated that Catalposide (1) suppressed the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene and iNOS protein. Catalposide (1) also inhibited the activation of LPS-induced NF-kappaB as analyzed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). In addition to the inhibitory effect on NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, Catalposide (1) significantly inhibited the NO production in cytokine-stimulated human DLD-1 and rat vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells in a dose-dependent manner.

Int Immunopharmacol. 2002 Jul;2(8):1173-81.

Inhibition of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 productions and NF-kappa B activation in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages by catalposide, an iridoid glycoside isolated from Catalpa ovata G. Don (Bignoniaceae).[Pubmed: 12349954]

METHODS AND RESULTS:
Catalposide, the major iridoid glycoside isolated from the stem bark of Catalpa ovata G. Don (Bignoniaceae), was found to inhibit the productions of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and the activation of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) in RAW 264.7 macrophages activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Catalposide also inhibited the expressions of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 genes and the nuclear translocation of p65 subunit of NF-kappaB in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that Catalposide suppressed the binding of FITC-conjugated LPS to CD14 on the surface of cells, probably resulting in the inhibitory effects on TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 productions and NF-kappaB activation.
CONCLUSIONS:
These findings suggest that Catalposide could be an attractive candidate for adjunctive therapy in gram-negative bacterial infections.

Toxicol Lett. 2003 Nov 1;145(1):46-54.

Catalposide protects Neuro 2A cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity via the expression of heme oxygenase-1.[Pubmed: 12962973]

Catalposide, the major iridoid glycoside isolated from the stem bark of Catalpa ovata G. Don (Bignoniaceae) has been shown to possess anti-microbial, anti-tumoral, and anti-inflammatory properties. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a stress response protein and is known to play a protective role against the oxidative injury.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
In this study, we examined whether Catalposide could protect Neuro 2A cells, a kind of neuronal cell lines, from oxidative damage through the induction of HO-1 protein expression and HO activity. The treatment of the cells with Catalposide resulted in dose- and time-dependent up-regulations of both HO-1 protein expression and HO activity. Catalposide protected the cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death. The protective effect of Catalposide on hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death was abrogated by zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP IX), a HO inhibitor. Additional experiments revealed the involvement of CO in the cytoprotective effect of Catalposide-induced HO-1.
CONCLUSIONS:
These results indicate that Catalposide is a potent inducer of HO-1 and HO-1 induction is responsible for the Catalposide-mediated cytoprotection against oxidative damage.

Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2012 Jun 15;422(4):568-72.

Catalposide is a natural agonistic ligand of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α.[Pubmed: 22583896]

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARα) is a nuclear receptor that regulates the expression of genes related to cellular lipid uptake and oxidation. Thus, PPARα agonists may be important in the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia and hepatic steatosis.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
In this study, we demonstrated that Catalposide is a novel natural PPARα agonist, identified from reporter gene assay-based activity screening with approximately 900 natural plant and seaweed extracts. Results of time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer analyses suggested that the compound interacted directly with the ligand-binding domain of PPARα. Cultured hepatocytes stimulated with Catalposide exhibited significantly reduced cellular triglyceride concentrations, by 21%, while cellular uptake of fatty acids was increased, by 70% (P<0.05). Quantitative PCR analysis revealed that the increase in cellular fatty acid uptake was due to upregulation of fatty acid transporter protein-4 (+19% vs. the control) in cells stimulated with Catalposide. Additionally, expression of genes related to fatty acid oxidation and high-density lipoprotein metabolism were upregulated, while that of genes related to fatty acid synthesis were suppressed.
CONCLUSIONS:
In conclusion, Catalposide is hypolipidemic by activation of PPARα via a ligand-mediated mechanism that modulates the expression of in lipid metabolism genes in hepatocytes.

Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2004 Sep;10(5):564-72.

Catalposide, a compound isolated from catalpa ovata, attenuates induction of intestinal epithelial proinflammatory gene expression and reduces the severity of trinitrobenzene sulfonic Acid-induced colitis in mice.[Pubmed: 15472516]

Certain irinoid-producing plants have been used as herbal anti-inflammatory remedies.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Here we evaluated whether Catalposide (CATP), a single compound isolated from irinoid-producing plant Catalpa ovata, has a potential for preventing or ameliorating diseases characterized by mucosal inflammation. Preliminary microarray-based gene expression test revealed that CATP, which alone did not significantly affect expression of any of the >8,000 genes analyzed, attenuated the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced proinflammatory genes including interleukin-8 (IL-8) in human intestinal epithelial HT-29 cells. Down-regulation of IL-8 mRNA accumulation was also reflected by the decreased IL-8 secretion in CATP-treated HT-29 cells. The signal transduction study revealed that CATP significantly attenuates TNF-alpha-mediated p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation. Further, CATP reduced NF-kappaB-mediated transcriptional activation as well as Ikappa-Balpha degradation. To establish the in vivo relevance of these findings, we examined whether CATP could affect intestinal inflammation in vivo using the mouse model of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced inflammatory colitis. Intrarectal administration of CATP dramatically reduced the weight loss, colonic damage, and mucosal ulceration that characterize TNBS colitis. Moreover, CATP suppressed the expression of TNF-alpha, interleukin-1beta, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 along with the inhibition of NF-kappa B p65 translocation into nucleus in TNBS colitis.
CONCLUSIONS:
Collectively, current results demonstrate that CATP may be an effective agent for the treatment of diseases characterized by mucosal inflammation.