Axillarin
Axillarin has antioxidant activity, it shows xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity ( IC(50) :36.0 uM). Axillarin can strongly protect primary cultured neurons against glutamate-induced oxidative stress.
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Providing storage is as stated on the product vial and the vial is kept tightly sealed, the product can be stored for up to
24 months(2-8C).
Wherever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20C. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks. Before use, and prior to opening the vial we recommend that you allow your product to equilibrate to room temperature for at least 1 hour.
Need more advice on solubility, usage and handling? Please email to: service@chemfaces.com
The packaging of the product may have turned upside down during transportation, resulting in the natural compounds adhering to the neck or cap of the vial. take the vial out of its packaging and gently shake to let the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial. for liquid products, centrifuge at 200-500 RPM to gather the liquid at the bottom of the vial. try to avoid loss or contamination during handling.
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Nat Prod Commun. 2009 Nov;4(11):1561-4.
Antioxidant principles of Tanacetum vulgare L. aerial parts.[Pubmed:
19967991]
The methanolic extract of aerial parts of Tanacetum vulgare L. (Asteraceae) and its fractions were investigated for antioxidant activity.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
The crude extract displayed DPPH radical scavenging effects with an EC50 value of 37 +/- 1.2 microg/mL (n=3). Activity-guided fractionations of the crude extract resulted in the isolation of three antioxidant compounds; 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid (3,5-DCQA), Axillarin and luteolin. 3,5-DCQA was the major constituent with antioxidant activity (IC50 = 9.7 microM) comparable with that of the standard quercetin (IC50 = 8.8 microM).
CONCLUSIONS:
Though the isolated compounds were previously known for their antioxidant effects, this is the first report on the identification of 3,5-DCQA from Tanacetum vulgare.
The displayed potent antioxidant activity of the crude extract and isolated active principles is in support of the traditional medicinal uses of the plant for disease conditions such as wound healing, rheumatic arthritis and other inflammatory conditions.
Free Radic Biol Med. 2002 Apr 1;32(7):596-604.
Flavonoids of Inula britannica protect cultured cortical cells from necrotic cell death induced by glutamate.[Pubmed:
11909694]
We previously reported 12 antioxidative flavonoids isolated from the n-BuOH extract of Inula britannica (Asteraceae). This prompted us to investigate further whether these flavonoids also showed antioxidative activity upon live cells grown in a culture system.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Among the 12 flavonoids tested, only patuletin, nepetin, and Axillarin protected primary cultures of rat cortical cells from oxidative stress induced by glutamate. These flavonoids exerted significant neuroprotective activity when they were administered either before or after the glutamate insult. Treatment with these flavonoids maintained the activities of such antioxidant enzymes as catalase, glutathione-peroxidase, and glutathione reductase, all of which play important roles in the antioxidative defense mechanism. Moreover, these three flavonoids also attenuated significant drops in glutathione induced by glutamate which is a routine concomitant of oxidative stress by inhibiting glutathione diminution. Accordingly, these flavonoids did not stimulate the synthesis of glutathione. With regard to structure-activity relationships, our results indicated that the 6-methoxyl group in the A ring and the 3', 4'-hydroxyl groups in the B ring are crucial for the protection against the oxidative stress; glycosylation greatly reduced their protective activities.
CONCLUSIONS:
Collectively, these results indicated that patuletin, nepetin, and Axillarin strongly protect primary cultured neurons against glutamate-induced oxidative stress.
J Nat Prod. 1999 Jul;62(7):1053-5.
New guaianolides and xanthine oxidase inhibitory flavonols from ajania fruticulosa.[Pubmed:
10425142 ]
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Two new guaianolides (1 and 2) were isolated from the aerial parts of Ajania fruticulosa along with a triterpene (alpha-amyrin), two plant sterols (beta-sitosterol and daucosterol), four flavonols [santin (3), Axillarin (4), centaureidin, and 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-3, 3'-dimethoxyflavone], and five sesquiterpenes [ketoplenolide B, 9beta-hydroxyeudesma-4,11(13)-dien-12-oic acid, 9beta-acetoxyeudesma-4,11(13)-dien-12-oic acid, 1alpha,4alpha, 10alpha-trihydroxy-9alpha-angeloyloxyguaia-2,11(13)-dien-12, 6alpha-olide, and 3beta,4alpha-dihydroxyguaia-11(13),10(14)-dien-12, 6alpha-olide]. The structures of the new guaianolides were established as 1alpha-hydroperoxy-4beta,8alpha,10alpha, 13-tetrahydroxyguaia-2-en-12,6alpha-olide (1) and 1alpha-hydroperoxy-4alpha, 10alpha-dihydroxy-9alpha-angeloyloxyguaia-2,11(13)-dien-12, 6alpha-olide (2), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS:
Xanthine oxidase assays of all isolates revealed that santin (3) and
Axillarin (4) inhibited the enzyme with IC(50) values of 36.5 and 36.0 &mgr;M (that of allopurinol used as a positive control in the study was 24.2 &mgr;M), respectively.
