Podophyllotoxin 4-O-glucoside
Reference standards.
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Providing storage is as stated on the product vial and the vial is kept tightly sealed, the product can be stored for up to
24 months(2-8C).
Wherever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20C. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks. Before use, and prior to opening the vial we recommend that you allow your product to equilibrate to room temperature for at least 1 hour.
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The packaging of the product may have turned upside down during transportation, resulting in the natural compounds adhering to the neck or cap of the vial. take the vial out of its packaging and gently shake to let the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial. for liquid products, centrifuge at 200-500 RPM to gather the liquid at the bottom of the vial. try to avoid loss or contamination during handling.
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Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2001 Feb;23(1):83-95.
Podophyllotoxin lignans enhance IL-1beta but suppress TNF-alpha mRNA expression in LPS-treated monocytes.[Pubmed:
11322652 ]
There exists a growing body of research which indicates that antimitotics such as taxol and colchicine influence cytokine gene expression.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
In the present study we examined the effect of podophyllotoxin and six analogs on nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) activation, and on interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) mRNA expression in human THP-1 monocytes. All compounds were inactive between 0.001microM and 10microM when tested alone. However, podophyllotoxin (0.1 microM) enhanced LPS-induced NF-kappa B activation and IL-1beta mRNA expression between 2 and 3-fold. In contrast, LPS-induced TNF-alpha mRNA expression was decreased between 3 and 6-fold. Comparable results were also observed with the three analogs acetylpodophyllotoxin, 4'-demethylpodophyllotoxin and alpha-peltatin. The remaining three analogs (Podophyllotoxin 4-O-glucoside, beta-peltatin-beta-D-glucopyransoide and 1,2,3,4-dehydrodesoxypodophyllotoxin) were inactive. Clearly certain structural features such as the presence of a glycosidic group or ring aromatization results in loss of biological activity. Interestingly, the analogs that were inactive in our assays have also been previously shown to lack affinity for tubulin binding.
CONCLUSIONS:
These results suggest that during the initial hours of exposure to podophyllotoxin or specific analogs these compounds do not act as independent stimulants of human monocyte activation, but can selectively enhance or suppress LPS-induced cytokine gene expression.
Plant Cell Rep. 1990 Nov;9(7):382-5.
Production of tumour-inhibitory lignans in callus cultures of Podophyllum hexandrum.[Pubmed:
24227060]
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Callus cultures have been established from root explants of aseptically-grown Podophyllum hexandrum seedlings.
A fully defined medium based on Gamborg's B5 salts supplemented with 2/4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, gibberellic acid and 6-benzylaminopurine was effective for both initiation and sustained growth of callus tissue. Cultures produced anticancer lignans podophyllotoxin, 4'-demethylpodophyllotoxin and Podophyllotoxin 4-O-glucoside at levels similar to those found in the expiant material as assayed by high performance liquid chromatography.
CONCLUSIONS:
The relative proportions of podophyllotoxin and 4'-demethyl-podophyllotoxin were markedly influenced by the presence of plant growth regulators.Particularly high levels of podophyllotoxin were associated with growth regulator induced tissue differentiation.
