Isomucronulatol

Arch. Pharm. Res. 2014, 37(2):186-92.

Flavonoids from Astragalus membranaceus and their inhibitory effects on LPS-stimulated pro-inflammatory cytokine production in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells.[Pubmed: 23771500 ]

Radix Astragali (Astragalus membranaceus) is an important traditional Chinese medicine that is widely used as a tonic to enhance the body's natural defense mechanisms.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
In this phytochemical study, 12 flavonoids, isoliquiritigenin (1), liquiritigenin (2), calycosin (3), calycosin 7-O-β-D-glucoside (4), formononetin (5), formononetin 7-O-β-D-glucoside (6), daidzein (7), daidzein 7-O-β-D-glucoside (8), methylnissolin (9), methylnissolin 3-O-β-D-glucoside (10), Isomucronulatol (11), and Isomucronulatol 7-O-β-D-glucoside (12), were isolated from the roots of A. membranaceus. Their structures were elucidated by comparing spectroscopic data with reported values. The effects of the isolated compounds on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated bone marrow-derived dendritic cells were investigated.
CONCLUSIONS:
Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited significant inhibitory effects on LPS-induced IL-6 and IL-12 p40 production, with IC50 values ranging from 2.7 to 6.1 μM. Compound 1 also showed a moderate inhibitory effect on LPS-stimulated production of TNF-α with an IC50 value of 20.1 μM. Further studies of the potential anti-inflammatory effects and benefits of flavonoids from A. membranaceus are warranted.

Food Chem. 2011, 126(1):31-8.

Antioxidant and anticholinesterase active constituents from Micromeria cilicica by radical-scavenging activity-guided fractionation[Reference: WebLink]

METHODS AND RESULTS:
From the acetone extract of Micromeria cilicica, two new (1 and 2) and five known (3–7) compounds were obtained through radical-scavenging activity guided isolation. Structures of the compounds were identified as piperitone 7-O-β-d-glucoside (1), isothymonin 4′-methyl ether (2), sudachitin (3), Isomucronulatol (4), rutin (5), ursolic acid (6) and saccharose (7), based on UV, 1D-and 2D-NMR and mass spectroscopic techniques. The antioxidant potentials of the extract and the isolated compounds were established by using three radical-scavenging assays, namely, DPPH scavenging, O2- scavenging and ABTS+ scavenging, besides β-carotene bleaching assay. Particularly, the acetone extract showed a strong inhibition of lipid peroxidation by β-carotene bleaching assay, with a result close to that of (+)-catechin.
CONCLUSIONS:
Among the pure compounds, rutin (5) showed the strongest lipid peroxidation inhibition and antiradical activity while both sudachitin (3) and Isomucronulatol (4) exhibited noticeable ABTS+ scavenging activity. The anticholinesterase activity of the compounds (1–7) was also determined. Against acetylcholinesterase, they exhibited weak inhibition while compounds 3, 4 and 6 exhibited moderate inhibition against butyrylcholinesterase.