Continentalic acid
Continentalic acid and kaurenoic acid are quality control markers in Aralia continentalis. Continentalic acid has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-bacterial activities, it shows moderate cytotoxicity against A-549 (lung), THP-1 (leukemia) and MCF-7 (breast) cell lines; it has minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of approximately 8-16 microg/mL against S. aureus, including the MSSA and MRSA standard strains.
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Providing storage is as stated on the product vial and the vial is kept tightly sealed, the product can be stored for up to
24 months(2-8C).
Wherever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20C. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks. Before use, and prior to opening the vial we recommend that you allow your product to equilibrate to room temperature for at least 1 hour.
Need more advice on solubility, usage and handling? Please email to: service@chemfaces.com
The packaging of the product may have turned upside down during transportation, resulting in the natural compounds adhering to the neck or cap of the vial. take the vial out of its packaging and gently shake to let the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial. for liquid products, centrifuge at 200-500 RPM to gather the liquid at the bottom of the vial. try to avoid loss or contamination during handling.
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Indian J Pharm Sci. 2015 Nov-Dec;77(6):792-5.
In vitro Cytotoxicity of Methanol Extract from Aerial Parts of Aralia cachemirica and Purified Continentalic Acid.[Pubmed:
26997711 ]
The present study was designed to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxic effect of methanol extract of aerial parts including stems, leaves and twigs of Aralia cachemirica and purified Continentalic acid isolated from this extract against a panel of human cancer cell lines of varied tissues.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Percentage of growth inhibition was evaluated by sulphorhodamine B assay. Purified Continentalic acid showed moderate cytotoxicity against all the cell lines used. In contrast, the extract exhibited significant concentration dependant cytotoxicity against A-549 (lung), THP-1 (leukemia) and MCF-7 (breast) cell lines.
CONCLUSIONS:
This work highlights cytotoxic potential of this extract, which can further be explored for different constituents for their possible use autonomously or in combined manner in cancer therapy. The detailed analysis of their cytotoxicity has been presented in this paper.
Arch Pharm Res. 2009 Sep;32(9):1237-43.
Anti-inflammatory activity of the constituents of the roots of Aralia continentalis.[Pubmed:
19784580 ]
METHODS AND RESULTS:
To assess the anti-inflammatory activity of the constituents of the roots of Aralia continentalis, ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene-19-oic acid (Continentalic acid, pimaradienoic acid, compound I), 7beta-hydroxy-ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene-19-oic acid (compound II), 7-oxo-ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene-19-oic acid (compound III), 15alpha,16alpha-epoxy-17-hydroxy-ent-kauran-19-oic acid (compound IV) and ent-kaura-16-en-19-oic acid (kaurenoic acid, compound V), their inhibitory effects against cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-catalyzed PGE(2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-catalyzed NO production by lipopolysaccharide-treated RAW 264.7 cells were examined.
CONCLUSIONS:
Taken together, the results of this study suggest that some constituents of A. continentalis, especially compounds I, III and V, exert significant anti-inflammatory activity, which suggests that these constituents contribute, at least in part, to the anti-inflammatory action of the roots of A. continentalis.
Phytother Res. 2006 Jun;20(6):511-4.
Continentalic acid from Aralia continentalis shows activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.[Pubmed:
16619343 ]
METHODS AND RESULTS:
In a continuing search for compounds with antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), a chloroform extract of roots of Aralia continentalis was found to contain Continentalic acid (CA, C(20)H(30)O(2)), a diterpenic acid. This compound exhibited potent activity against standard methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) as well as clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). It was determined that Continentalic acid had minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of approximately 8-16 microg/mL against S. aureus, including the MSSA and MRSA standard strains.
CONCLUSIONS:
Therefore, the results obtained in this study suggest that Continentalic acid might have potential as an adjunct in the treatment of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Arch Pharm Res. 2008 Sep;31(9):1172-8.
Continentalic acid from Aralia continentalis induces growth inhibition and apoptosis in HepG2 cells.[Pubmed:
18806961]
In this study, we investigated the effects of Continentalic acid (CA, (-)-pimara-8(14), 15-diene-19-oic acid), a diterpenic acid, isolated from Aralia continentalis, on the proliferation and apoptosis induction of HepG2 cells.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
In 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, the inhibitory effect became gradually stronger with the passage of time, 24, 48 and 72 h after treatment with CA, and the most significant effect was observed at 72 h. CA treatment for 72 h induced DNA fragmentation in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, flow cytometric analysis of HepG2 cells exposed to CA showed that apoptotic cells increased in a dose-dependent manner. The induction of apoptosis in HepG2 cells by CA was mediated through the activation of caspase-3, Bak, and Bax, and then through the cleavage of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PARP) and the down-regulation of Bcl-2.
CONCLUSIONS:
These results demonstrate that CA efficiently induces apoptosis and is a good candidate for further evaluation as an effective chemotherapeutic agent.
J Sep Sci. 2017 May;40(9):2071-9.
Ultra-performance convergence chromatography for the quantitative determination of bioactive compounds in Aralia continentalis Kitagawa as quality control markers.[Pubmed:
28306202 ]
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Toxicity tests of some alkaloids, isolated from Glycosmis pentaphylla, Murraya koenigii and Piper nigrum and their derived products reveal that the alkaloid piperine obtained from Piper nigrum has highest toxicity on mosquito larvae (Culex quinquefasciatus). But the two derived products, piperonal and piperonylic acid from piperine, show no mortality at 100 ppm at an interval of 24 hours. Though glycozoline and glycozolidine (obtained from Glycosmis pentaphylla) are non-toxic at 100 ppm, other alkaloid Glycosolone shows some toxicity.
CONCLUSIONS:
Monohydroxy compounds obtained from glycozoline and glycozolidine have high and similar type of toxicity like that of mahanimbine.
