Tropic acid

Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, 2006, 373(3):230.

The presence of atropinesterase activity in animal plasma.[Reference: WebLink]

The enzyme atropinesterase (EC 3.1.1.10) causes the rapid hydrolysis of tropane alkaloids such as atropine and scopolamine.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
This enzyme is known to occur in a certain proportion of rabbits and some plants, although its presence in other animal species remains controversial. The potential presence in some animals but not others of an enzyme which can rapidly hydrolyse compounds such as atropine is a potential unwanted experimental variable in many experiments. Because of the uncertainty surrounding the enzyme and the paucity of data, it was decided to examine whether we could detect and characterise atropinesterase activity in the plasma of dogs, goats, guinea-pigs, humans, pigs, rabbits and rhesus by separating and quantitating the substrate (atropine) and one of the products (Tropic acid) by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
CONCLUSIONS:
It was found that plasma from some but not all rabbits possessed a capacity to breakdown large quantities of atropine; an effect that was apparently enantiomer-specific. Plasma from other rabbits, and plasma from all other species investigated, proved capable of hydrolysing atropine at a rate exceeding that of non-specific breakdown. It remains to be determined whether this effect is due to a low expression of atropinesterase or an alternative hydrolysing enzyme.

Journal of Separation ence, 2015, 32(17):2864-2870.

Occurrence and behavior of system peaks in RP HPLC with solely aqueous mobile phases.[Reference: WebLink]

System peaks are important but often also disturbing phenomena occurring in separation systems.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Behavior of system peaks was studied in reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP HPLC) systems consisting of an RP Amide C16 column and aqueous solutions of organic acids with alkaline metal hydroxides as mobile phases. Binary mobile phases, composed of benzoic acid and lithium hydroxide (LiOH) or cesium hydroxide (CsOH), yielded two system peaks. The first peak was stationary and the second one moved with dilution of the mobile phase or with changes of the alkaline metal hydroxide concentration. The latter changes affected dissociation of the benzoic acid present in the mobile phase and thereby its retention. The presumption that the first system peak is not influenced by the type of alkaline metal cation and that it is related to the non-adsorbed component of the mobile phase was confirmed by a cyclic procedure.
CONCLUSIONS:
Three-component mobile phases composed of benzoic acid, Tropic acid, and a hydroxide gave rise to three system peaks as expected. The first peak was again stationary and the two others shifted depending on the concentration variation of both acids. Resonance causing a zigzag peak, well described in capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), was observed if 1-pentanol was injected into a chromatographic system with one-component mobile phase.