Swertianolin

Planta Med. 2004 Oct;70(10):1011-4.

Xanthones from Gentiana campestris as new acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.[Pubmed: 15490334 ]

In order to discover new acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, different plant extracts were screened by a previously established TLC bioautographic method. The methanol extract of Gentiana campestris leaves exhibited significant inhibition of AChE activity.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
A bioactivity-guided fractionation approach was undertaken to isolate the active components. Four xanthones, bellidin, bellidifolin, bellidin 8-O-beta-glucopyranoside (norSwertianolin), and bellidifolin 8-O-beta-glucopyranoside (Swertianolin), were found to be responsible for the anti-AChE activity effects. Bellidifolin showed similar activity to galanthamine in this enzyme assay.

Journal of Liaoning Normal University, 2003 , 26 (2) :171-173.

Voltammetric Behavior of Swertianolin and Its Scavenging to Free Radicals[Reference: WebLink]

The electrochemical behavior of Swertianolin and its scavenging to free radicals have been studied.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
A irreversible adsorpted reduction peak involving two electrons and two protons has been obtained in the medium of phosphate buffer(pH 8.2). The peak potential was at -1.61V(vs.SCE).
CONCLUSIONS:
Swertianolin showed that it can scavenge superoxide and hydroxyl radicals with the studying method of the autoxidation of Pyrogallol and afenton.

J Ethnopharmacol. 2014 May 28;154(1):259-66.

The hepatoprotective effect and chemical constituents of total iridoids and xanthones extracted from Swertia mussotii Franch.[Pubmed: 24746481 ]

Total iridoids and xanthones (TIXS) were extracted from Swertia mussotii Franch, one of the most important eight Tibetan medicines in China, which was recorded in the book of Jingzhu Bencao and used for clinical treatment of cholestatic hepatitis for many years. Our aim was to study the hepatoprotective effect and chemical constituents of the TIXS.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Crude extracts were prepared using 90% ethanol, and individual fractions were collected following HPD-300 macroporous resin column chromatography. HPLC/MS was applied to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the TIXS. Then, the alpha-naphthylisot hiocyanate-induced liver damage model was used to assess the hepatoprotective effect of the TIXS. A total of 12 compounds were identified by the fingerprint chromatography of the TIXS, and swertiamarin and Swertianolin were shown to be its two main components. Oral administration of the TIXS at a dose of 35, 70 or 140 mg kg(-1), swertiamarin at a dose of 20 mg kg(-1) or Swertianolin at a dose of 20 mg kg(-1), for 7 days in mice significantly reduced the alpha-naphthylisot hiocyanate-induced levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and the total and direct bilirubins, and increased the bile flow (P<0.01).
CONCLUSIONS:
These findings suggest that the TIXS exhibits significant hepatoprotective effect in the liver damage model induced by alpha-naphthylisot hiocyanate. Its active constituents include swertiamarin and Swertianolin.

《Journal of Qinghai Nationalities University(Education Science Edition)》 2011-05

Determination of Swertianolin in Gentianopsis Paludosa(Munro) Ma by RP-HPLC[Reference: WebLink]

METHODS AND RESULTS:
To establish a quantitative method determination of Swertianolin in Gentianopsis paludosa(Munro) Ma by RP-HPLC.The sample were separated on the column of Kromasil-C18(4.6mm×250mm,5μm) which eluted with 55% methanol and water(containing 0.04% phosphoric acid) with detected wavelength at 254 nm.The flow rate was 0.8 mL·min-1,and the column temperature was 30 ℃.The components were base-isolated.
CONCLUSIONS:
The linear ranges of Swertianolin was 0.275-1.65μg(r=0.9997).The average recovery rate was 99.6%(RSD=2.7%).The method is rapid and precise.

Phytochem Anal. 2016 May;27(3-4):158-67.

Chemotaxonomic Studies of Nine Gentianaceae Species from Western China Based on Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy.[Pubmed: 26919544]

Gentianaceae species which widely occur all over the world are used as folk medicine and raw food material with bitter properties. Although comparative analysis on metabolites in several Gentianaceae species has been reported, metabolic similarities used for chemotaxonomic studies are not yet clear. To systematically characterise the variations of holistic metabolome and characteristic metabolites (iridoid glycosides and phenols) in nine Gentianaceae species from western China.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was applied to determine the variations of holistic metabolome. A targeted metabolic profiling using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was established for determination of seven characteristic metabolites and identification of their derivatives. Both FT-IR and LC-MS/MS data were subjected to chemometrics analysis for exploring variations in iridoid glycosides and phenols within these species. Holistic metabolome in genera Gentiana and Swertia was largely different. Diversity of the biosynthetic pathway of iridoid glycosides was also observed in these species. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed a clear separation according to infrageneric classifications of genus Gentiana. Some secondary metabolites, such as mangiferin, rhodenthoside A-C, isoorientin, isovitexin, amarogentin, and Swertianolin would serve as potential chemotaxonomic markers to differentiate Gentianaceae species. Furthermore, the accumulation of the six major metabolites seems to depend on geographical regions in Sect. Monopodiae and Sect. Cruciata.
CONCLUSIONS:
The combination of LC-MS/MS and FT-IR would provide some potential evidence on chemotaxonomic studies of Gentianaceae.