Gitogenin
Gitogenin is a novel selective inhibitor of UGT1A4, it is also an inhibitor of enzyme α-glucosidase with IC50 values of 37.2±0.18 uM.Gitogenin shows moderate stimulation of release activity on growth hormone from rat pituitary cells.
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Providing storage is as stated on the product vial and the vial is kept tightly sealed, the product can be stored for up to
24 months(2-8C).
Wherever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20C. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks. Before use, and prior to opening the vial we recommend that you allow your product to equilibrate to room temperature for at least 1 hour.
Need more advice on solubility, usage and handling? Please email to: service@chemfaces.com
The packaging of the product may have turned upside down during transportation, resulting in the natural compounds adhering to the neck or cap of the vial. take the vial out of its packaging and gently shake to let the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial. for liquid products, centrifuge at 200-500 RPM to gather the liquid at the bottom of the vial. try to avoid loss or contamination during handling.
Nature Ecology & Evolution2020, doi: 10.1038
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Nutrients.2018, 10(12)
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Food Chem.2019, 274:345-350
Chemistry of Natural Compounds2019, 55(1):127-130
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Steroids. 2014 May;83:45-51.
Longipetalosides A-C, new steroidal saponins from Tribulus longipetalus.[Pubmed:
24530871 ]
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Longipetalosides A-C (1-3); three new furostane steroidal saponins together with (25S)-5α-furastan-3β,22,26-triol (4) and Gitogenin (5) were isolated from the methanolic extract of the whole plant of Tribulus longipetalus.
The structures of these compounds (1-5) were established by using 1D ((1)H, (13)C) and 2D NMR (HMQC, HMBC, COSY, NOESY) spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry (ESIMS, HRESIMS), and in comparison with literature data reported for related compounds. Compounds 1-5 were evaluated for their inhibitory activities against enzymes α-glucosidase, lipoxygenase, acetylcholinesterase, and butyrylcholinesterase.
CONCLUSIONS:
Only the compounds 4 and 5 were found as the inhibitors of enzyme α-glucosidase with IC50 values of 33.5±0.22 and 37.2±0.18μM, respectively.
Pharmacol Res. 2016 Aug;110:139-150.
Drug interaction study of natural steroids from herbs specifically toward human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A4 and their quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) analysis for prediction.[Pubmed:
27208893 ]
The wide application of herbal medicines and foods containing steroids has resulted in the high risk of herb-drug interactions (HDIs).
The present study aims to evaluate the inhibition potential of 43 natural steroids from herb medicines toward human UDP- glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs).
METHODS AND RESULTS:
A remarkable structure-dependent inhibition toward UGT1A4 was observed in vitro. Some natural steroids such as Gitogenin, tigogenin, and solasodine were found to be the novel selective inhibitors of UGT1A4, and did not inhibit the activities of major human CYP isoforms. To clarify the possibility of the in vivo interaction of common steroids and clinical drugs, the kinetic inhibition type and related kinetic parameters (Ki) were measured. The target compounds 2-6 and 15, competitively inhibited the UGT1A4-catalyzed trifluoperazine glucuronidation reaction, with Ki values of 0.6, 0.18, 1.1, 0.7, 0.8, and 12.3μM, respectively. And this inhibition of steroids towards UGT1A4 was also verified in human primary hepatocytes. Furthermore, a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) of steroids with inhibitory effects toward human UGT1A4 isoform was established using the computational methods.
CONCLUSIONS:
Our findings elucidate the potential for in vivo HDI effects of steroids in herbal medicine and foods, with the clinical dr ugs eliminated by UGT1A4, and reveal the vital pharamcophoric requirement of natural steroids for UGT1A4 inhibition activity.
Chem Biodivers. 2008 Sep;5(9):1753-61.
Rat growth-hormone release stimulators from fenugreek seeds.[Pubmed:
18816528 ]
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Bioassay-guided fractionation of MeOH extract from fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) seeds resulted in the isolation of two rat growth-hormone release stimulators in vitro, fenugreek saponin I (1) and dioscin (9), along with two new, i.e., 2 and 3, and five known analogues, i.e., 4-8. The structures of the new steroidal saponins, fenugreek saponins I, II, and III (1-3, resp.), were determined as Gitogenin 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, sarsasapogenin 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and Gitogenin 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, respectively. Fenugreek saponin I (1) and dioscin (9) caused ca. 12.5- and 17.7-fold stimulation of release, respectively, of rat growth hormone from rat pituitary cells, whereas Gitogenin (5) showed moderate activity.
CONCLUSIONS:
To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that steroidal saponins stimulate rat growth-hormone release in rat pituitary cells.
