Ganoderic acid H

Int J Mol Med. 2008 May;21(5):577-84.

Ganoderic acids suppress growth and invasive behavior of breast cancer cells by modulating AP-1 and NF-kappaB signaling.[Pubmed: 18425349]

Structurally related lanostane-type triterpenes, ganoderic acid A, F and H (GA-A, GA-F, Ganoderic acid H), were identified in an oriental medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
In the present study we evaluated the effect of GA-A, Ganoderic acid H and GA-F on highly invasive human breast cancer cells. We showed that GA-A and Ganoderic acid H suppressed growth (cell proliferation and colony formation) and invasive behavior (adhesion, migration and invasion) of MDA-MB-231 cells. Our results suggest that GA-A and Ganoderic acid H mediate their biological effects through the inhibition of transcription factors AP-1 and NF-kappaB, resulting in the down-regulation of expression of Cdk4 and the suppression of secretion of uPA, respectively. Furthermore, the activity of ganoderic acids is linked to the hydroxylation in the position 7 and 15 (GA-A) and 3 (Ganoderic acid H) in their triterpene lanostane structure.
CONCLUSIONS:
In conclusion, hydroxylated triterpenes from G. lucidum could be promising natural agents for the therapy of invasive breast cancers.

Nat Prod Res. 2014;28(24):2264-72.

Extraction optimisation and isolation of triterpenoids from Ganoderma lucidum and their effect on human carcinoma cell growth.[Pubmed: 25032738]

The response surface methodology was used to optimise the extraction conditions of Ganoderma lucidum based on a Box-Behnken design.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
A quadratic model sufficiently simulated the response of Ganoderic acid H with a determination coefficient (R(2)) of 0.98. The optimal condition for extracting triterpenoids was determined to be 100.00% ethanol at 60.22°C for 6.00 h, under which the yield of the reference triterpenoid Ganoderic acid H increased from 0.88 to 2.09 mg/g powder. Following extraction, triterpenoid-enriched fraction was further isolated into 23 fractions, and 7 fractions were identified as ganoderic acids A, B, D, G, H and I and ganoderenic acid D. Of the seven triterpenoids, ganoderenic acid D was most cytotoxic with IC50 values of 0.14 ± 0.01, 0.18 ± 0.02 and 0.26 ± 0.03 mg/mL in Hep G2, Hela and Caco-2 cells, respectively. While ganoderic acids A, G and H were relatively non-cytotoxic.
CONCLUSIONS:
The variation of inhibitory effects for these triterpenoids was likely related to their chemical structures.