Europine
Europine shows both antifungal and insect antifeedant activity.
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Providing storage is as stated on the product vial and the vial is kept tightly sealed, the product can be stored for up to
24 months(2-8C).
Wherever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20C. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks. Before use, and prior to opening the vial we recommend that you allow your product to equilibrate to room temperature for at least 1 hour.
Need more advice on solubility, usage and handling? Please email to: service@chemfaces.com
The packaging of the product may have turned upside down during transportation, resulting in the natural compounds adhering to the neck or cap of the vial. take the vial out of its packaging and gently shake to let the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial. for liquid products, centrifuge at 200-500 RPM to gather the liquid at the bottom of the vial. try to avoid loss or contamination during handling.
Acta Edulis Fungi2020, 27(02):63-76.
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Toxins (Basel).2023, 15(3):231.
Exp Mol Med.2020, 52(4):629-642.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel).2021, 14(8):742.
Pharmaceutics2022, 14(2),376.
Molecules.2018, 23(3):E615
Forensic Sci Int.2022, 341:111475.
Int J Mol Sci.2022, 23(13):7115.
Heliyon.2023, e12778.
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Vet Hum Toxicol. 2003 Aug;45(4):198-201.
Toxicity of dietary Heliotropium circinatum to rats.[Pubmed:
12882490]
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Pyrrolizidine alkaloid intoxication was produced in adult, male rats by feeding different levels (0, 1, 3, 5 or 10%) of Heliotropium circinatum for 20 w. Combined GC-MS revealed 0.15% total alkaloid content in the plant material of which 12% and 88% were basic and N-oxide forms, respectively. The specific alkaloids identified were Europine (67.33%), heliotrine (16.34%), lasiocarpine (8.12%), heleurine (4.18%), echinatine (1.56%), 7-angeylheliotrine (1.19%), and an unknown alkaloid (1.28%). Neither mortality nor significant clinical changes occurred in test groups. Mild to moderate, dose-related hepatic megalocytosis was the most prominent histopathological finding. In addition to chronic hepatotoxicity, notable medial thickening occurred in the pulmonary arterioles and arteries of the high-dosed groups.
CONCLUSIONS:
This study indicated that H. circinatum plant has limited toxic potential in rats with mild to moderate histological changes and no mortality at the dosing levels, total doses, or time of exposure employed.
Phytochemistry,1995,38( 2):355-8.
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids from Heliotropium bovei[Reference:
WebLink]
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Heliotropium bovei was shown to contain lasiocarpine, Europine, 5′-acetyllasiocarpine and a new alkaloid 7-acetylEuropine. Lasiocarpine N-oxide and 5′-acetyllasiocarpine N-oxide are also present in this plant species.
CONCLUSIONS:
These structures were established from spectral and chemical studies including 2D NMR. Europine showed both antifungal and insect antifeedant activity, while 7-acetylEuropine was inactive.
