Epinodosin
Epinodosin induces significant DNA damage to HepG2 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner.Epinodosin has a biphasic, dose-dependent effect on root growth and a strong inhibitory effect on root hair development in Lactuca sativa L. seedlings.
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Journal of Plant Growth Regulation , 2010 , 29 (4) :419-427.
Regulation of Root Growth in Lactuca sativa L. Seedlings by the Ent-Kaurane Diterpenoid Epinodosin[Reference:
WebLink]
Epinodosin, an ent-kaurane diterpenoid isolated from Isodon japonica var. galaucocalyx, had a biphasic, dose-dependent effect on root growth and a strong inhibitory effect on root hair development in Lactuca sativa L. seedlings.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Lower levels of Epinodosin (25–100 μM) significantly promoted root growth, but higher concentrations (150–200 μM), by contrast, had inhibitory effects. In addition, all of the tested concentrations (20–80 μM) inhibited root hair development of lettuce seedlings in a dose-dependent manner. Further investigations on the underlying mechanism revealed that the promotion effect of Epinodosin (25–100 μM) resulted from increasing the cell length in the mature region and enhancing the mitotic activity of meristematic cells in lettuce seedling root tips. On the other hand, Epinodosin at higher concentrations inhibited root growth by strongly affecting both the cell length in the mature region and the division of meristematic cells.
CONCLUSIONS:
Comet assay analysis demonstrated that the decrease of mitotic activity of root meristematic cells was due to DNA damage induced by higher levels of Epinodosin.
Nat Prod Res. 2011 Sep;25(15):1402-11
Comparison of cytotoxicity and DNA damage potential induced by ent-kaurene diterpenoids from Isodon plant.[Pubmed:
19606380 ]
The cytotoxicity of six ent-kaurene diterpenoids isolated from the leaves of Isodon japonica (Burm.f.) Hara var. galaucocalyx (maxin) Hara was evaluated against three human tumour HepG2, GLC-82 and HL-60 cell lines through SRB assay, and their DNA damage potential (against HepG2 cell line) was assessed by comet assay.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Among the six ent-kaurene diterpenoids, Rabdosin B was most cytotoxic, followed by Oridonin, Epinodosin, Rabdosinate, Lasiokaurin and Epinodosinol. All of the six ent-kaurene diterpenoids induced significant DNA damage (p < 0.05) to HepG2 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner except Lasiokaurin and Eponodosinol at 6 μmol L⁻1 for 24 h. The structure-activity relationships (SARs) were discussed and it was found that exo-methylene cyclopentanone in the molecular structure was important for maintaining the cytotoxicity and DNA damage potential of the compounds.
CONCLUSIONS:
-OAc group at site C-1 in Lasiokaurin had a higher stereospecific blockade, which made the compound have less cytotoxicity and DNA damage potential than Oridonin (-OH at C-1).
