Diethanolamine

J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2014 Jul;14(7):5426-9.

Diethanolamine-modified magnetic fluorescent Fe3O4@ZnS nanoparticles for ultrasensitive detection and removal of Cu2+.[Pubmed: 24758043]

Currently, growing attention has been paid to the sensitive determination and removal of Cu2+ because excessive levels of Cu2+ could do harm to organisms.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Herein, a novel Diethanolamine-modified magnetic fluorescent Fe3O4@ZnS nanoparticle (MFNP) for simultaneous detection and removal of Cu2+ was designed and synthesized through dithiocarbamate linkage strategy. The characterization of MFNP was confirmed by transmission electron microscope (TEM), infrared (IR) and emission spectra.
CONCLUSIONS:
The results showed that MFNP could quantificationally detect Cu2+ with high sensitivity and selectivity under a broad pH range (pH 4.5-9). The removal of Cu2+ was achieved by the aggregation-induced sedimentation (AIS) strategy and by external magnetic field.

Aquat Toxicol. 2010 Aug 15;99(2):212-22.

Molecular effects of diethanolamine exposure on Calanus finmarchicus (Crustacea: Copepoda).[Pubmed: 20537412]

Of particular interest is the use of alkanolamines such as Diethanolamine (DEA) in the removal of CO(2) from natural gas and for CO(2) capture following fossil fuel combustion.In an attempt to assess the potential effects of alkanolamines in the marine environment, a key species in the North Atlantic, the planktonic copepod Calanus finmarchicus, was studied for molecular effects following sublethal exposure to Diethanolamine.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Diethanolamine-induced alterations in transcriptome and metabolome profiling were assessed using a suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) gene library method and high resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (HR-MAS NMR), respectively. Together, SSH and HR-MAS NMR offer complementary screening tools for the assessment of molecular responses of C. finmarchicus to Diethanolamine and can be used in the study of other chemicals and organisms. Concentration-response and time-response relationships between Diethanolamine exposure and single gene transcription were investigated using quantitative PCR. Specific relationships were found between Diethanolamine exposure and the transcription of genes involved in protein catabolism (ubiquitin-specific protease-7), metal ion homeostasis (ferritin) and defence against oxidative stress (gamma-glutamylcysteine synthase, glutathione synthase and Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase). Finally, similar transcription patterns were observed for a number of different genes following exposure to Diethanolamine, which indicates analogous mechanisms of toxicity and response.

Bioorg Med Chem. 2013 Apr 15;21(8):2199-209.

Improving the immunostimulatory potency of diethanolamine-containing lipid A mimics.[Pubmed: 23490149]

Lipid A is the active principal of gram negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the activation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Given the important role TLR4 plays in innate immunity and the development of adaptive immune responses, ligands that can modulate TLR4-mediated signaling have great therapeutic potential. Recently, we have reported a series of monophosphorylated lipid A mimics as potential ligands of TLR4, in which a Diethanolamine moiety is employed to replace the reducing end (d-glucosamine).
METHODS AND RESULTS:
In this paper, we describe the synthesis of two further Diethanolamine-containing lipid A mimics, 3 and 4, in an effort to mimic more closely the di-phosphate nature of natural lipid A. Both mimic 3, with an additional phosphate on the Diethanolamine acyclic scaffold, and mimic 4, with a terminal carboxylic acid moiety as a phosphate bioisostere, serve to increase the potency of the immunostimulatory response induced, as measured by the induction of the cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in the human monocytic cell line THP-1. In addition, mechanistic studies involving the known TLR4 antagonist lipid IVa confirm TLR4 as the target of the Diethanolamine-containing lipid A mimics.

Toxicology & Applied Pharmacology ,1973,26(2):299-313.

Sensitivity of several serum enzymes for the detection of thioacetamide-, dimethylnitrosamine- and diethanolamine-induced liver damage in rats[Reference: WebLink]

Studies were conducted to compare the sensitivity of different methods of assessing liver damage and to identify enzymes in serum which respond quantitatively to low doses of hepatotoxins.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were killed 18 hr after single po doses of thioacetamide (TA), dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) or Diethanolamine (DEA). Serum sorbitol dehydrogenase activity increased when 9.4 mg TA/kg or 5.1 mg DMN/kg was given and the activity of 7 other enzymes in serum increased when larger doses were given. Serum concentrations of arginine decreased and ornithine increased when 25.4 mg TA/kg or 13.7 mg DMN/kg was given. When 800 mg/kg of Diethanolamine (DEA) was given the serum activity of sorbitol dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, fructose-1-phosphate aldolase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and malic dehydrogenase increased. When the dose was increased to 1600 mg/kg the serum activity of ornithine carbamyl transferase, glutamic dehydrogenase, fructose-1,6-phosphate aldolase and lactic dehydrogenase increased. Serum concentrations of urea increased and arginine decreased when 800 mg DEA/kg was given.
CONCLUSIONS:
Activities of several enzymes were dose-dependent. Minimal morphological changes were seen in liver sections at dosage levels of each compound below those required to produce changes in serum enzyme activity. Sorbitol dehydrogenase was the most sensitive serum parameter studied.