(-)-Catechin gallate(CG)
(-)-Catechin gallate is a minor constituent in green tea catechins, it inhibits the activity of COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes. Catechin gallate (IC50=53 microM) shows cytotoxicity against the colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line HCT116, it also exhibits strong anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory activities on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells. Catechin 3-gallate is a good inhibitor of maltase, with IC50 values of 62 uM, it inhibits both α-glucosidases and rabbit glycogen phosphorylase (GP) in vitro and in cell culture, would contribute to the protection or improvement of type 2 diabetes.
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Providing storage is as stated on the product vial and the vial is kept tightly sealed, the product can be stored for up to
24 months(2-8C).
Wherever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20C. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks. Before use, and prior to opening the vial we recommend that you allow your product to equilibrate to room temperature for at least 1 hour.
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Toxicol Lett. 2007 Jul 10;171(3):171-80.
In vitro cytotoxicity of (-)-catechin gallate, a minor polyphenol in green tea.[Pubmed:
17606338]
The cytotoxicity of (-)-Catechin gallate(CG), a minor polyphenolic constituent in green tea, towards cells derived from tissues of the human oral cavity was studied.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
The sequence of sensitivity to (-)-Catechin gallate(CG) was: immortalized epithelioid gingival S-G cells>tongue squamous carcinoma CAL27 cells>salivary gland squamous carcinoma HSG cells>>normal gingival HGF-1 fibroblasts. Further studies focused on S-G cells, the cells most sensitive to (-)-Catechin gallate(CG). The response of the S-G cells to (-)-Catechin gallate(CG) was dependent on the length of exposure, with midpoint cytotoxicity values of 127, 67 and 58muM (-)-Catechin gallate(CG) for 1-, 2- and 3-day exposures, respectively. The sequence of sensitivity of the S-G cells to various green tea catechins was characterized as follows: (-)-Catechin gallate(CG), epicatechin gallate (ECG)>epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)>epigallocatechin (EGC)>>epicatechin (EC), catechin (C). The cytotoxicity of (-)-Catechin gallate(CG), apparently, was not due to oxidative stress as it was a poor generator of H(2)O(2) in tissue culture medium, had no effect on the intracellular glutathione level, its cytotoxicity was unaffected by catalase, and it did not induce lipid peroxidation. However, (-)-Catechin gallate(CG) did enhance Fe(2+)-induced, lipid peroxidation. (-)-Catechin gallate(CG)-induced apoptosis was detected by nuclear staining, both with acridine orange and by the more specific TUNEL procedure. The lack of caspase-3 activity in cells exposed to (-)-Catechin gallate(CG) and the detection of a DNA smear, rather than of discrete internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, upon agarose gel electrophoresis, suggest, possibly, that the mode of cell death was by a caspase-independent apoptotic pathway.
CONCLUSIONS:
The overall cytotoxicity of (-)-Catechin gallate(CG) was similar to its epimer, ECG and both exhibited antiproliferative effects equivalent to, or stronger than, EGCG, the most abundant catechin in green tea.
Food Chem.,2010,122(4):1061-6.
In vitro inhibition of α-glucosidases and glycogen phosphorylase by catechin gallates in green tea.[Reference:
WebLink]
We investigated in vitro inhibition of mammalian carbohydrate-degrading enzymes by green tea extract and the component catechins, and further evaluated their inhibitory activities in cell cultures.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
The extract showed good inhibition toward rat intestinal maltase and rabbit glycogen phosphorylase (GP) b, with IC50 values of 45 and 7.4 μg/ml, respectively. The polyphenol components, catechin 3-gallate (CG), gallocatechin 3-gallate (GCG), epicatechin 3-gallate (ECG), and epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG), were good inhibitors of maltase, with IC50 values of 62, 67, 40, and 16 μM, respectively, and EGCG also showed good inhibition toward maltase expressed on Caco-2 cells, with an IC50 value of 27 μM. The ungallated catechins, such as catechin, gallocatechin (GC), epicatechin (EC), and epigallocatechin (EGC), showed no significant inhibition toward GP b, whereas the gallated catechins CG, GCG, ECG, and EGCG inhibited the enzyme, with IC50 values of 35, 6.3, 27, and 34 μM. From multiple inhibition studies by Dixon plots, GCG appears to bind a new allostelic site, the indole inhibitor site. These gallated catechins also inhibited glucagon-stimulated glucose production dose-dependently, with IC50 values ranging from 33 to 55 μM.
CONCLUSIONS:
Dietary supplementation with these gallated catechins or the green tea extract containing them, which inhibits both α-glucosidases and GP in vitro and in cell culture, would contribute to the protection or improvement of type 2 diabetes.
Cancer Sci. 2011 Apr;102(4):728-34.
Epicatechin gallate and catechin gallate are superior to epigallocatechin gallate in growth suppression and anti-inflammatory activities in pancreatic tumor cells.[Pubmed:
21241417 ]
Green tea catechins are considered as possible cancer preventive agents for several cancer types but little is known regarding their effects on pancreatic cancer cells. The best studied catechin and the major polyphenol present in green tea is epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG).
METHODS AND RESULTS:
In the present study, we investigated the in vitro anti-tumoral properties of EGCG on human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells PancTu-I, Panc1, Panc89 and BxPC3 in comparison with the effects of two minor components of green tea catechins, catechin gallate (CG) and epicatechin gallate (ECG). We found that all three catechins inhibited proliferation of PDAC cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Interestingly, CG and ECG exerted much stronger anti-proliferative effects than EGCG. Western blot analyses performed with PancTu-I cells revealed catechin-mediated modulation of cell cycle regulatory proteins (cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases [CDK], CDK inhibitors). Again, these effects were clearly more pronounced in CG or ECG than in EGCG-treated cells. Importantly, catechins, in particular ECG, inhibited TNFα-induced activation of NF-κB and consequently secretion of pro-inflammatory and invasion promoting proteins like IL-8 and uPA.
CONCLUSIONS:
Overall, our data show that green tea catechins ECG and CG exhibit potent and much stronger anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory activities on PDAC cells than the most studied catechin EGCG.
