1,3,6-Tri-O-galloylglucose

Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2015,50(19):1673-7.

Study on the anti-inflammatory active constituents of Mangifera indica L. seed kernel.[Reference: WebLink]

To study the anti-inflammatory active constituents of Mangifera indica L. seed kernel.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
The compounds were isolated by silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and ODS column chromatography.Their structures were elucidated by spectral analyses and physicochemical properties. The anti-inflammatory activities of selected isolated compounds were evaluated as inhibitory activities against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 cell lines by Griess reaction. Eight compounds were obtained from n-butanol fraction oi Mangifera indica L. seed kernel, whose structures were elucidated as 4-O-ethylgallic acid (1), gallic acid (2), citric acid(3), 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloylglucose(4),1,3,6-Tri-O-galloylglucose(5), hyperoside(6), quercetin-3-O-rhamnopyranoside(7), and mangiferin(8). Compounds 1, 2 and 4-8 exhibited potent inhibitory effect on NO production in LPS-induced macrophages, especially compounds 6 and 8 showed the best inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 16.5 and 19.5 μmol·L-1, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS:
Compounds 1 and 3-8 were obtained from Mangifera indica L.seed kernel for the first time.Compounds 1, 2 and 4-8 are the anti-inflammatory active constituents oi Mangifera indica L.seed kernel.Compounds 6 and 8 are the most potent anti-inflammatory active constituents.

J Agric Food Chem . 2018 May 2;66(17):4503-4511.

Identification and Characterization of Phenolic Compounds in Black Walnut Kernels[Pubmed: 29663801]

Abstract Black walnuts ( Juglans nigra L.) are highly valued for producing phenolic-enriched nuts. The objectives of this study were to identify and characterize the phenolic contents of 11 different black walnut cultivars and compare the levels of these phenolics between black walnuts and English walnut ( Juglans regia L.). Totally, 16 phenolics including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and catechins were identified in the black walnut kernels, with ellagic acid predominating over the other phenolics. Significant differences were noted for the levels of quinic acid, gallic acid, 1,3,6-trigalloylglucose, catechin, and penta- O-galloyl-β-d-glucose between the studied black walnuts and English walnut. Through principal component analysis, 51.54% of the variance in the phenolic data was explained. The hierarchical cluster analysis results showed three groups to which each walnut sample belongs. Most of the phenolics identified in this study have been reported to exert potential health-promoting activities. The findings of this study will provide critical information for consumers, nutritional therapy practitioners, researchers, and producers. Keywords: English walnut; black walnut; ellagic acid; health-promoting; phenolic compounds.