Alpha-pinene
Alpha-pinene inhibits the nuclear translocation of NF-kappa B induced by LPS in THP-1 cells, and this effect is partly due to the upregulation of I kappa B alpha expression. Alpha-pinene inhibits early root growth and causes oxidative damage in root tissue through enhanced generation of ROS, as indicated by increased lipid peroxidation, disruption of membrane integrity and elevated antioxidant enzyme levels.
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Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2004 Apr;25(4):480-4.
Effect of alpha-pinene on nuclear translocation of NF-kappa B in THP-1 cells.[Pubmed:
15066217]
METHODS AND RESULTS:
To study the effects of Alpha-pinene on nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) and the expression of the inhibitThe majority of FITC-labelled NF-kappa B/p65 was located in the nuclei being stimulated with LPS. Whereas, no such fluorescence was seen in the nuclei of the groups pretreated with Alpha-pinene or control cells. Alpha-pinene pretreatment decreased the NF-kappa B/p65 nuclear translocation in LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells, and this effect was dose-dependent, but there was no reaction in LPS-unstimulated THP-1 cells. Alpha-pinene pretreatment increased I kappa B alpha protein level in cytoplasm, compared with that in LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells.
CONCLUSIONS:
In a dose-related fashion, Alpha-pinene inhibits the nuclear translocation of NF-kappa B induced by LPS in THP-1 cells, and this effect is partly due to the upregulation of I kappa B alpha expression.or of NF-kappa B (I kappa B alpha) in human monocyte THP-1 cell line.
Ann Bot. 2006 Dec;98(6):1261-9.
alpha-Pinene inhibits growth and induces oxidative stress in roots.[Pubmed:
17028297 ]
Determining the mode of action of allelochemicals is one of the challenging aspects in allelopathic studies. Recently, allelochemicals have been proposed to cause oxidative stress in target tissue and induce an antioxidant mechanism. Alpha-pinene, one of the common monoterpenoids emitted from several aromatic plants including forest trees, is known for its growth-inhibitory activity. However, its mechanism of action remains unexplored.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
The aim of the present study was to determine the inhibitory effect of Alpha-pinene on root growth and generation of reactive oxygen species, as indicators of oxidative stress and changes in activities of antioxidant enzymes.Alpha-pinene inhibited the radicle growth of all the test species. Exposure of C. occidentalis roots to Alpha-pinene enhanced solute leakage, and increased levels of malondialdehyde, proline and hydrogen peroxide, indicating lipid peroxidation and induction of oxidative stress. Activities of the antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, GPX, APX and GR were significantly elevated, thereby indicating the enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon Alpha-pinene exposure. Increased levels of scavenging enzymes indicates their induction as a secondary defence mechanism in response to Alpha-pinene.
CONCLUSIONS:
It is concluded that Alpha-pinene inhibits early root growth and causes oxidative damage in root tissue through enhanced generation of ROS, as indicated by increased lipid peroxidation, disruption of membrane integrity and elevated antioxidant enzyme levels.
