Akuammigine
Akuammigine has in vitro antimalarial activity. Akuammigine competitively antagonizes the effect of noradrenaline on postsynaptic alpha-adrenoceptors, yielding pA2 values of 4.68. Akuammidine also shows a preference for mu-opioid binding sites with Ki values of 0.6, 2.4 and 8.6 microM at mu-, delta- and kappa-opioid binding sites, respectively.
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Providing storage is as stated on the product vial and the vial is kept tightly sealed, the product can be stored for up to
24 months(2-8C).
Wherever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20C. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks. Before use, and prior to opening the vial we recommend that you allow your product to equilibrate to room temperature for at least 1 hour.
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The packaging of the product may have turned upside down during transportation, resulting in the natural compounds adhering to the neck or cap of the vial. take the vial out of its packaging and gently shake to let the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial. for liquid products, centrifuge at 200-500 RPM to gather the liquid at the bottom of the vial. try to avoid loss or contamination during handling.
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Eur J Pharmacol. 1984 Oct 30;106(1):203-5.
Inhibition of the alpha 1 and alpha 2-adrenoceptor-mediated pressor response in pithed rats by raubasine, tetrahydroalstonine and akuammigine.[Pubmed:
6099269]
METHODS AND RESULTS:
The relative potencies of raubasine, tetrahydroalstonine (THA) and Akuammigine on alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptors were assessed by comparing their effects on the rise in blood pressure induced by stimulation of the sympathetic outflow from the spinal cord or by injection of noradrenaline in pithed rats. Akuammigine was inactive in both cases. Raubasine preferentially antagonized the effects of electrical stimulation while THA antagonized the effects of injected noradrenaline.
CONCLUSIONS:
The results suggest that raubasine preferentially blocks alpha 1-adrenoceptors while THA is more selective for alpha 2-adrenoceptors.
Eur. J. Pharmacol., 1998, 350(1): 101-8.
Opioid activity of alkaloids extracted from Picralima nitida (fam. Apocynaceae).[Pubmed:
9683021]
Extracts of the seeds of Picralima nitida (fam. Apocynaceae) have been reported to have opioid analgesic activity.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
In this investigation, isolated tissue bioassays and radioligand binding assays have been used to determine the opioid activity of five alkaloids--akuammidine, akuammine, akuammicine, Akuammigine and pseudoAkuammigine--extracted from the seeds of P. nitida. Akuammidine showed a preference for mu-opioid binding sites with Ki values of 0.6, 2.4 and 8.6 microM at mu-, delta- and kappa-opioid binding sites, respectively. The agonist actions of akuammidine in the mouse-isolated vas deferens were antagonised by naloxone and the mu-opioid receptor selective antagonist D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Orn-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2 (CTOP) confirming an action at mu-opioid receptors. In contrast, akuammine also showed highest affinity for mu-opioid binding sites (Ki 0.5 microM) but was an antagonist at mu-opioid receptors with a pK(B) of 5.7 against the selective mu-opioid receptor agonist [D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin (DAMGO). Akuammicine has the highest affinity for kappa-opioid binding sites (Ki 0.2 microM) and was a full agonist at kappa-opioid receptors in the guinea pig ileum preparation but a partial kappa-opioid receptor agonist in the vasa deferentia of the mouse and the rabbit. Akuammigine and pseudoAkuammigine showed little or no efficacy in the opioid bioassays. None of the alkaloids had significant activity for opioid receptor-like binding sites (ORL1-binding sites) with Ki values >> 10 microM.
CONCLUSIONS:
These data show that some alkaloids extracted from the medicinal plant P. nitida possess varying degrees of agonist and antagonist activity at opioid receptors but possess neither high affinity nor selectivity for mu-, delta- or kappa-opioid receptors or the ORL1-receptor.
