Tenulin
Tenulin is a potent antifeedant to the European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis. It is also an antitumor agent, it can inhibit DNA synthesis and DNA polymerase enzymatic activity in the tumor cells.
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Providing storage is as stated on the product vial and the vial is kept tightly sealed, the product can be stored for up to
24 months(2-8C).
Wherever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20C. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks. Before use, and prior to opening the vial we recommend that you allow your product to equilibrate to room temperature for at least 1 hour.
Need more advice on solubility, usage and handling? Please email to: service@chemfaces.com
The packaging of the product may have turned upside down during transportation, resulting in the natural compounds adhering to the neck or cap of the vial. take the vial out of its packaging and gently shake to let the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial. for liquid products, centrifuge at 200-500 RPM to gather the liquid at the bottom of the vial. try to avoid loss or contamination during handling.
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J Nat Prod. 1987 Jul-Aug;50(4):690-5.
Mode of action of the sesquiterpene lactone, tenulin, from Helenium amarum against herbivorous insects.[Pubmed:
3430166]
Tenulin [1], a sesquiterpene lactone from Helenuim amarum, is a potent antifeedant to the European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
At 3 mumol/g in artificial diets, 1 reduced growth and delayed larval development of O. nubilalis and the variegated cutworm Peridroma saucia larvae. An especially pronouned carry-over effect in O. nubilis was substantial reduction in fecundity of adult moths resulting from treated larvae. The LD50 (lethal dose for 50% mortality) of 1 by injection in the migratory grasshopper Melanoplus sanguinipes was 0.88 mumol/insect. Toxicity in M. sanguinipes was antagonized by co-administration of cysteine, suggesting that the cyclopentenone group of Tenulin undergoes Michael addition of biological nucleophiles in vivo.
CONCLUSIONS:
This mechanism was partially confirmed by the finding that only Tenulin analogues capable of acting as electrophic acceptors had significant antifeedant activity.
Science. 1977 Apr 29;196(4289):533-6.
Sesquiterpene antitumor agents: inhibitors of cellular metabolism.[Pubmed:
191909]
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Helenalin and Tenulin injected into CF1 male mice bearing Ehrlich ascites tumors inhibit DNA synthesis and DNA polymerase enzymatic activity in the tumor cells. Helenalin inhibited protein synthesis. Both drugs increased the concentration of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate, and interfered with glycolytic and mitochondrial energy processes. Cholesterol synthesis was also inhibited, resulting in lower serum cholesterol levels in tumor-bearing animals. Data obtained in vitro indicate that the cyclopentenone-bearing sesquiterpene lactone and related compounds do not alkylate puring bases of nucleic acids but rather undergo a Michael-type addition reaction with the sulfhydryl groups of reduced glutathione and l-cysteine.
CONCLUSIONS:
Thus, the inhibition of cellular enzyme activities and metabolism that has been observed with these drugs might be explained by the occurrence of a Michael-type teaction.
