Olaparib (AZD2281)
Olaparib (AZD2281, KU0059436) is a selective inhibitor of PARP1/2 with IC50 of 5 nM/1 nM in cell-free assays, 300-times less effective against tankyrase-1. Olaparib induces significant autophagy that is associated with mitophagy in cells with BRCA mutations.
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Clin Cancer Res,2008 Jun 15;14(12):3916-25.
Selective inhibition of BRCA2-deficient mammary tumor cell growth by AZD2281 and cisplatin.[Pubmed:
18559613]
To assess efficacy of the novel, selective poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) inhibitor AZD2281 against newly established BRCA2-deficient mouse mammary tumor cell lines and to determine potential synergy between AZD2281 and cisplatin.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
We established and thoroughly characterized a panel of clonal cell lines from independent BRCA2-deficient mouse mammary tumors and BRCA2-proficient control tumors. Subsequently, we assessed sensitivity of these lines to conventional cytotoxic drugs and the novel PARP inhibitor AZD2281. Finally, in vitro combination studies were done to investigate interaction between AZD2281 and cisplatin.
Genetic, transcriptional, and functional analyses confirmed the successful isolation of BRCA2-deficient and BRCA2-proficient mouse mammary tumor cell lines. Treatment of these cell lines with 11 different anticancer drugs or with gamma-irradiation showed that AZD2281, a novel and specific PARP inhibitor, caused the strongest differential growth inhibition of BRCA2-deficient versus BRCA2-proficient mammary tumor cells. Finally, drug combination studies showed synergistic cytotoxicity of AZD2281 and cisplatin against BRCA2-deficient cells but not against BRCA2-proficient control cells.
CONCLUSIONS:
We have successfully established the first set of BRCA2-deficient mammary tumor cell lines, which form an important addition to the existing preclinical models for BRCA-mutated breast cancer. The exquisite sensitivity of these cells to the PARP inhibitor AZD2281, alone or in combination with cisplatin, provides strong support for AZD2281 as a novel targeted therapeutic against BRCA-deficient cancers.
Blood,2010 Nov 25;116(22):4578-87.
The PARP inhibitor olaparib induces significant killing of ATM-deficient lymphoid tumor cells in vitro and in vivo.[Pubmed:
20739657]
The Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) gene is frequently inactivated in lymphoid malignancies such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), T-prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL), and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and is associated with defective apoptosis in response to alkylating agents and purine analogues. ATM mutant cells exhibit impaired DNA double strand break repair. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition that imposes the requirement for DNA double strand break repair should selectively sensitize ATM-deficient tumor cells to killing.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
We investigated in vitro sensitivity to the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor Olaparib (AZD2281) of 5 ATM mutant lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL), an ATM mutant MCL cell line, an ATM knockdown PGA CLL cell line, and 9 ATM-deficient primary CLLs induced to cycle and observed differential killing compared with ATM wildtype counterparts. Pharmacologic inhibition of ATM and ATM knockdown confirmed the effect was ATM-dependent and mediated through mitotic catastrophe independently of apoptosis. A nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) murine xenograft model of an ATM mutant MCL cell line demonstrated significantly reduced tumor load and an increased survival of animals after olaparib treatment in vivo. Addition of olaparib sensitized ATM null tumor cells to DNA-damaging agents.
CONCLUSIONS:
We suggest that olaparib would be an appropriate agent for treating refractory ATM mutant lymphoid tumors.
J Med Chem,2008 Oct 23;51(20):6581-91.
4-[3-(4-cyclopropanecarbonylpiperazine-1-carbonyl)-4-fluorobenzyl]-2H-phthalazin-1-one: a novel bioavailable inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1.[Pubmed:
18800822]
Cell lines: Breast cancer cell lines including SW620 colon, A2780 ovarian, HCC1937, Hs578T, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-436, and T47D
Concentrations: 1-300 nM
Incubation Time: 7-14 days
Method:
The cytotoxicity of Olaparib is measured by clonogenic assay. Olaparib is dissolved in DMSO and diluted by culture media before use. The cells are seeded in six well plates and left to attach overnight. Then Olaparib is added at various concentrations and the cells are incubated for 7-14 days. After that the surviving colonies are counted for calculating the IC50.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,2008 Nov 4;105(44):17079-84.
High sensitivity of BRCA1-deficient mammary tumors to the PARP inhibitor AZD2281 alone and in combination with platinum drugs.[Pubmed:
18971340]
Animal Models:Brca1-/-;p53-/- mammary tumors are generated in K14cre;Brca1F/F;p53F/F mice.
Dosages: 50 mg/kg
Administration: Administered via i.p. injection at 10 μL/g of body weight
