Isoschaftoside

Phytochemistry, 2010, 71(8-9):904-908.

Isoschaftoside, a C-glycosylflavonoid from Desmodium uncinatum root exudate, is an allelochemical against the development of Striga.[Reference: WebLink]

METHODS AND RESULTS:
In East African small-holder farming of maize, the cattle forage legume, Desmodium uncinatum is used as an intercrop due to its allelopathic inhibition of parasitism by Striga hermonthica, an obligate parasitic weed that can devastate the maize crop. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the root extract of D. uncinatum revealed Isoschaftoside to be the main compound in the most potent fraction inhibiting growth of germinated S. hermonthica radicles. Bioassays repeated with Isoschaftoside isolated from a different plant source, Passiflora incarnata, proved it to be a biologically active component.
CONCLUSIONS:
Analysis of the root exudates produced by hydroponically grown D. uncinatum showed Isoschaftoside to be present in the hydroponic media at biologically active concentrations of 10–100 nM.

European Food Research and Technology, 2006, 223(1):102-109.

Phenol content related to antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Passiflora spp. extracts.[Reference: WebLink]

METHODS AND RESULTS:
Methanolic extracts were prepared from different organs of plants from five Passiflora species obtained by zygotic embryo culture and evaluated for their capacity to quench DPPH and ABTS•+ radicals in comparison to that of Trolox, a water soluble vitamin-E analogue. Moreover their antimicrobial activity against E. coli was tested by agar diffusion and turbidity assays. P. nitida, P. foetida, and P. palmeri showed antimicrobial activity. P. nitida and P. palmeri also showed high antioxidant activity. P. tenuifila and P. coriacea demonstrated antioxidant power but not antimicrobial activity. The phenolic content of the different extracts was studied and quantified by spectrophotometric methods, HPLC, and mass spectrometry.
CONCLUSIONS:
High antioxidant activity correlated with high amounts of o-diphenol and catechin. An unknown component, tentatively identified as structural isomer of Isoschaftoside, appeared to correlate with antimicrobial activity.

Molecules, 2011, 16(6):5079-5086.

Nematocidal Flavone-C-Glycosides against the Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) from Arisaema erubescens Tubers.[Reference: WebLink]

METHODS AND RESULTS:
A screening of several Chinese medicinal herbs for nematicidal properties showed that Arisaema erubescens (Wall.) Schott tubers possessed significant nematicidal activity against the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita). From the ethanol extract, two nematicidal flavone-C-glycosides were isolated by bioassay-guided fractionation.The compounds were identified as schaftoside and Isoschaftoside on the basis of their phytochemical and spectral data.
CONCLUSIONS:
Schaftoside and Isoschaftoside possessed strong nematicidal activity against M. incognita (LC(50) = 114.66 μg/mL and 323.09 μg/mL, respectively) while the crude extract of A. erubescens exhibited nematicidal activity against the root-knot nematode with a LC(50) value of 258.11 μg/mL.

World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine (English), 2018.

Network Pharmacology-based Study of the Active Constituents of Chinese Medicinal Formulae for Antitumor Mechanism.[Reference: WebLink]

To investigate the network pharmacology of anti-tumor Chinese medicinal formulae and explain the synergistic mechanism of various active ingredients of Chinese medicinal formulae.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
We collected the anti-tumor Chinese medicinal formulae and chose several single herbs with the top frequency for further study. The chemical constituents of these herbs were downloaded from databases CNPC and Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology and were analyzed to set up the anti-tumor material basis. The genes regulated by these constituents were retrieved in Traditional Chinese Medicine integrated database and Comparative Toxicogenomics database. We collected 65 anti-tumor Chinese medicinal formulae, and 4 single herbs were selected, including Licorice, Radix astragali, Panax ginseng, and Radix scutellariae, which consist of 172, 70, 293, and 92 known constituents, respectively. The constituent–gene network, protein–protein interaction network, gene–pathway enrichment network, and gene–disease network were constructed. Moreover, molecular docking was employed to clarify the interactions between active constituents and key drug targets (PTG2, epidermal growth factor receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, estrogen receptor 1, mammalian target of rapamycin, AKT1, mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [MAPK1], peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, and MAPK8). Most of the constituents could act on multiple targets, whose structures mainly belong to alkaloids, flavonoids, and their glycosides, organic acids, or dianthrone, and their representative chemical constituents include narcissus glycosides, rutin, dauricine, scutellarin, baicalin, Isoschaftoside, and leucovorin.
CONCLUSIONS:
The network mechanism of the effective constituents from traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) for anti-tumor therapy was partially uncovered by using statistical methods, network pharmacology methods, and molecular docking methods. This study will provide important information for new drug design with multiple targets for anti-tumor therap.