Columbianetin

J Photochem Photobiol B. 2012 Apr 2;109:20-7.

Protective effect of (2'S)-columbianetin from Corydalis heterocarpa on UVB-induced keratinocyte damage.[Pubmed: 22321694 ]

A salt tolerant plant, Corydalis heterocarpa has been used as a folk medicine to treat travail and spasm. Recent studies have also reported antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities of compounds isolated from C. heterocarpa. In this study, the protective effect of (2'S)-Columbianetin isolated from C. heterocarpa on UVB-induced human keratinocyte (HaCaT) damage was investigated.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
First, the appropriate energy level of UVB irradiation was determined using MTT and LDH assays. And then the protective effect of (2'S)-Columbianetin on UVB induced HaCaT damage was evaluated by measuring; the changes in cell viability, LDH release level, ROS generation, cell cycle arrest and MMP expression levels. Finally, the effect of compound on MAPK and AP-1 signaling pathways were studied to understand the underlying signaling mechanisms. Result demonstrated that the presence of (2'S)-Columbianetin suppressed the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, cell cycle arrest at sub-G1 phase and down regulation of MMP expression in UVB treated HaCaT cells. Furthermore, stress activated signaling pathways (ASK1-MAPK) and AP-1 signaling pathway were regulated by (2'S)-Columbianetin treatment.
CONCLUSIONS:
These results suggest that (2'S)-Columbianetin could be effectively used to protect human keratinocytes from UVB induced damage.

Phytochemistry, 1995, 39(6):1347-50.

Columbianetin, a phytoalexin associated with celery resistance to pathogens during storage.[Reference: WebLink]

Columbianetin, rather than psoralens, was found to be a new phytoalexin associated with celery (Apium graveolens) resistance to pathogens during storage.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
In vitro, Columbianetin had at least 80 times greater antifungal activity than furanocoumarins (psoralens and angelicin). In vivo, the concentration of furanocoumarins in celery was 8μg g−1 fr. wt, and this is less than 0.25% of the concentration required for growth inhibition of celery pathogens. However, the concentration of Columbianetin in vivo was 38μg g−1 fr. wt, and this is close to the concentration required for growth inhibition of celery pathogens in vitro.

J Ethnopharmacol. 2013 Oct 28;150(1):175-80.

The pharmacokinetics and oral bioavailability studies of columbianetin in rats after oral and intravenous administration.[Pubmed: 23994338]

The roots of Angelica pubescens Maxim. f. biserrata Shan et Yuan (RAP) has been used as Traditional Chinese medicine to treat rheumatic disease in China since ancient times, but its action mechanisms was not well understood. Columbianetin is one of the main active constituents isolated from RAP, which has been shown to have various biological activities, but the absorption characteristics and oral bioavailability dose proportionality of Columbianetin in vivo were not studied.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Male Sprague Dawley rats (210-230 g) received either an intravenous (i.v. 5, 10 and 20 mg kg(-1)) or oral (5, 10 and 20 mg kg(-1)) dose of Columbianetin. The levels of Columbianetin in plasma were measured by a simple and sensitive reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The simple liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate was used for sample preparation. Osthole was selected as internal standard (IS). The chromatographic separation was accomplished on a C18 column at a flow rate of 1 mL min(-1), where water-methanol was used as mobile phase. The calibration curve of the method was linear in the concentration range of 0.05-2000 μg mL(-1). The intra and inter-day accuracy for Columbianetin in rat plasma samples were within 8% and the variation was less than 8.3%. This method was suitable for the determination and pharmacokinetic study of Columbianetin in rat plasma after both intravenous and oral administration. The results indicated that maximum plasma concentrations(Cmax) for the Columbianetin (17-42 μg mL(-1)) were achieved at 0.3-0.5h post-oral dosing and the apparent volume of distribution (V/F) ranged from 0.38 to 0.44 L. Absolute bioavailability of Columbianetin was assessed to be 81.13 ± 45.85, 81.09 ± 33.63 and 54.30 ± 23.19%, respectively. Terminal elimination half-life (T1/2) of the Columbianetin after oral dosing was 60-90 min and were 2.5-3.3 fold longer than those observed for the i.v. dosing.
CONCLUSIONS:
The pharmacokinetic properties of Columbianetin in rat after oral administration were characterized as rapid oral absorption, quick clearance and good absolute bioavailability. The bioavailability of Columbianetin ranged from 54 to 81% for 5, 10 and 20 mg kg(-1) oral doses. The bioavailability of Columbianetin is independent of the doses studied. Columbianetin showed dose proportionality over the dose range 5-20 mg kg(-1). The results clearly demonstrated that Columbianetin was one of the material bases of RAP. Furthermore, an HPLC method was demonstrated in this study for the research of traditional Chinese medicine.

Biol Pharm Bull. 2009 Jun;32(6):1027-31.

Anti-inflammatory effect of Columbianetin on activated human mast cells.[Pubmed: 19483309]

We isolated the active compound, Columbianetin. Anti-inflammatory effect of Columbianetin has been reported but the precise effects of Columbianetin in experimental models have remained unknown.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
In the present study, we investigate the effect of Columbianetin on the production of histamine, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) by using the human mast cell line (HMC-1). Various concentrations of Columbianetin were treated before the activation of HMC-1 cells with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) plus calcium ionophore, A23187. PMA plus A23187 significantly increased IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha production compared with media control (p<0.05). We also show that the increased cytokines IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha level was significantly inhibited by Columbianetin in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.05). Maximal inhibition rates of IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha production by Columbianetin were about 102.6%, 101.1%, 95.8%, and 103.9%, respectively. Columbianetin inhibited expression of COX-2. In addition, the effect of Columbianetin was investigated on the histamine release from HMC-1 stimulated by substance P, which promotes histamine release. Columbianetin also inhibited the histamine release by substance P.
CONCLUSIONS:
In conclusion, these results indicate that Columbianetin may be helpful in regulating mast cell-mediated allergic inflammatory responses.

Biomed Chromatogr. 2016 Feb;30(2):256-62.

Tissue distribution study of columbianadin and its active metabolite columbianetin in rats.[Pubmed: 26115176]

Columbianadin, one of the main bioactive constituents of the roots of Angelica pubescens Maxim. f. biserrata Shan et Yuan, has been found to possess obvious pharmacological effects in previous studies.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
In this study, a valid and sensitive reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was established and validated for the determination of columbianadin (CBN) and its active metabolite Columbianetin (CBT) in rat tissue samples. Sample separation was performed on an RP-HPLC column using a mobile phase of MeOH-H2 O (75:25, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The UV absorbance of the samples was measured at the wavelength 325 nm. The calibration curves for CBN were linear over the ranges of 0.5-20 µg/g for brain, testes and muscle, 1.0-10.0 µg/g for stomach and intestine, and 0.2-20.0 µg/g for heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney. The calibration curves for CBT were linear over the ranges of 0.5-25 µg/g for stomach and intestine, and 0.1-10.0 µg/g for heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney. The analysis method was successfully applied to a tissue distribution study of CBN and CBT after intravenous administration of CBN to rats. The results of this study indicated that CBN could be detected in all of the selected tissues after i.v. administration. CBN was distributed to rat tissues rapidly and could be metabolized to CBT in most detected tissues. Of the detected tissues, heart had the highest uptake of CBN, which suggested that heart might be one of the main target tissues of CBN. Concentrations of CBT were obviously higher in the digestive system than in other assayed tissues.
CONCLUSIONS:
The information provided by this research is very useful for gaining knowledge of the capacities of CBN and CBT to access different tissues.