Arundo donax, Giant Cane, is a tall perennial cane growing in damp soils, either fresh or moderately saline. Other common names include Carrizo, Arundo, Spanish cane, Wild cane, and Giant reed. Arundo donax is native to eastern and southern Asia, and probably also parts of Africa and southern Arabic Peninsula. It has been widely planted and naturalised in the mild temperate, subtropical and tropical regions of both hemispheres, especially in the Mediterranean, California, the western Pacific and the Caribbean.

M. sinensis was submitted to hydroliquefaction. The conversion process yielded 35% of a net product oil (NPO) with low oxygen content (11%), low viscosity (10^-2 NS m^-2), low asphaltene content (3.5%) low molecular weight (Mw 200) and with a specific gravity of c. 0.93 g cm^-3. The NPO has a heating value of 39·4 MJ kg^-1 and contains 55% of the carbon of the starting material and 59% of the combined heating value from the biomass and the hydrogen used for hydroliquefaction.