Neuroprotection

Stevenleaf
Catalog No: CFN99189

1. Gypenosides (Gyp, Stevenleaf) induce apoptosis in human hepatoma cells through the up-regulation of Bax and Bak, and down-regulation of Bcl-2, release of mitochondrial cytochrome c and activation of caspase cascade.
2. Gypenosides induce ER stress and production of reactive oxygen species and Ca 2+ , change the ratio of Bcl-2 and Bax, followed by the dysfunction of mitochondria, cause cytochrome c release, activation of caspase-3 before leading to apoptosis, these results provide information towards an understanding of the mechanisms by which Gyp induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human tongue cancer cells.
3. Gypenosides can inhibit invasion and migration of human tongue SCC4 cells by down-regulating proteins associated with these processes, resulting in reduced metastasis.
4. Gypenosides imply their remarkable preventative and therapeutic potential in treatment of neurological diseases involving glutamate and oxidative stress.
5. The extensive antioxidant effect of gypenosides may be valuable to the prevention and treatment of various diseases such as atherosclerosis, liver disease and inflammation.

Chondroitin sulfate
Catalog No: CFN99191

Chondroitin sulfate has anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective actions ,it has been widely used in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Chondroitin sulfate reduces inflammation mediators and the apoptotic process and is able to reduce protein production of inflammatory cytokines, iNOS and MMPs.Chondroitin sulfate is a regulator of neuronal patterning in the retina, in the developing mammalian retina, gradual regression of chondroitin sulfate may help control the onset of ganglion cell differentiation and initial direction of their axons.

Conophylline
Catalog No: CFN99473

Conophylline is a novel differentiation inducer for pancreatic β cells, can increase the numbers of ductal cells positive for pancreatic-duodenal-homeobox protein-1 and islet-like cell clusters. Conophylline suppresses pancreatic stellate cells and improves islet fibrosis in Goto-Kakizaki rats. It protects cells in cellular models of neurodegenerative diseases by inducing mTOR-independent autophagy.

Sinomenine
Catalog No: CFN99508

Sinomenine shows neuroprotective, anti- rheumatoid arthritis, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects, it can attenuate 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in mice and the therapeutic mechanism may be related to the reduction of up-regulated colonic TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma production caused by TNBS. Sinomenine also provides a novel therapy to treat ICH induced brain injury. Sinomenine can prevent galactosamine (GalN)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -treated hepatic failure by suppressing TNF production and/or reactive oxygen generation.

Muscone
Catalog No: CFN99518

Muscone, a flavouring ingredient, is an organic compound that is the primary contributor to the odor of musk. Muscone has neuroprotective, anti-fibrotic, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects, it can protect PC12 cells against glutamate -induced apoptosis by attenuating ROS generation and Ca2+ influx, via NR1 and CaMKII-depended ASK-1/JNK/p38 signaling pathways. Muscone can permeate the BBB model, and it is associated with the inhibition of P-gp and MMP-9 expression, is the important mechanisms for treating cerebral vascular diseases.