Arcaine sulfate
Arcaine sulfate salt, a blocker of the polyamine binding site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, completely antagonized the LTP amplification induced by histamine, suggesting that it acts via a direct modulation of NMDA receptors, rather than histaminergic receptor activation.
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Providing storage is as stated on the product vial and the vial is kept tightly sealed, the product can be stored for up to
24 months(2-8C).
Wherever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20C. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks. Before use, and prior to opening the vial we recommend that you allow your product to equilibrate to room temperature for at least 1 hour.
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The packaging of the product may have turned upside down during transportation, resulting in the natural compounds adhering to the neck or cap of the vial. take the vial out of its packaging and gently shake to let the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial. for liquid products, centrifuge at 200-500 RPM to gather the liquid at the bottom of the vial. try to avoid loss or contamination during handling.
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European Journal of Neuroscience, 2008, 27(7):1731-1738.
Histamine facilitates in vivo thalamocortical long-term potentiation in the mature visual cortex of anesthetized rats.[Reference:
WebLink]
Recent evidence indicates that the mature central visual system retains a higher degree of plasticity than traditionally assumed. However, little is known regarding the neuromodulatory factors that influence plasticity in the adult primary visual cortex (V1).
METHODS AND RESULTS:
We investigated the role of histamine, one of the neuromodulators that densely innervate all neocortical fields, in modulating plasticity of V1 by examining thalamocortical long-term potentiation (LTP). Theta-burst stimulation of the lateral geniculate nucleus of urethane-anesthetized rats resulted in potentiation of the field postsynaptic potential recorded in the superficial layers of V1. Histamine (0.01-10 mM), applied locally in V1 by reverse microdialysis, produced a clear, dose-dependent enhancement of LTP. In addition, histamine also allowed a weak theta-burst induction protocol, that by itself failed to induce significant synaptic potentiation, to produce stable LTP. The effect of histamine to facilitate LTP was largely resistant to blockade of H(1)[chlorpheniramine, 5 and 10 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (i.p.)] or H(2) receptors (cimetidine, 10 mg/kg, zolantidine, 5 mg/kg, i.p.). However, Arcaine sulfate salt (10 mg/kg, i.p.), a blocker of the polyamine binding site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, completely antagonized the LTP amplification induced by histamine, suggesting that it acts via a direct modulation of NMDA receptors, rather than histaminergic receptor activation.
CONCLUSIONS:
The present experiments provide the first demonstration of a histaminergic influence on neocortical synaptic plasticity in vivo and show that cortical histaminergic activation acts to lower the induction threshold and increase the degree of plasticity in the mature thalamocortical visual system.
Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 1997, 133(2):423-429.
FT-IR, Raman, and SERS Spectra of Arcaine Sulfate[Reference:
WebLink]
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Vibrational spectral analysis of Arcaine sulfate has been carried out using FT-IR, Raman, and SERS spectra. Raman and FT-IR spectra suggest protonation of the imino groups of the arcaine molecule at the expense of the proton from H2SO4.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Analysis of SERS spectra shows that the molecule is adsorbed to the silver surface through the uncharged amino group and oxygen sites of the sulfate groups.
The large enhancement observed for the amino group bending vibrations suggests that the molecule is adsorbed perpendicular to the silver surface.
