5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol
5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol presents anxiolytic, antinociceptive, and antidepressant effects, it seems to be dependent on its interaction with the dopaminergic system, but not with the serotonergic and noradrenergic systems.
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J Pharm Pharmacol. 2012 Dec;64(12):1722-9.
Antinociceptive activity of carvacrol (5-isopropyl-2-methylphenol) in mice.[Pubmed:
23146035]
Carvacrol (5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol) is a monoterpenic phenol which is present in the essential oil of oregano and thyme. We have investigated the behavioural effects of 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol in animal models of pain, such as acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction, formalin and hot-plate tests in mice. The spontaneous motor activity of animals treated with 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol was investigated using open-field and rotarod tests.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol was administered orally, at single doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg while indometacin (5 mg/kg), morphine (7.5 mg/kg) and diazepam (2 mg/kg) were used as standard drugs. Naloxone (1 mg/kg) and l-arginine (150 mg/kg) were used to elucidate the possible antinociceptive mechanism of 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol on acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction and formalin tests. The results showed that 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol produced significant inhibitions on nociception in the acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction, formalin and hot-plate tests. In the open-field and rotarod tests 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol did not significantly impair the motor performance. The effect of the highest dose of 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol in mice in the acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction and formalin tests were not reversed by naloxone or l-arginine.
CONCLUSIONS:
Based on these results, it has been suggested that 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol presents antinociceptive activity that may not act through the opioid system nor through inhibition of the nitric oxide pathway.
J Neurotrauma. 2012 Dec 10;29(18):2831-4.
Carvacrol together with TRPC1 elimination improve functional recovery after traumatic brain injury in mice.[Pubmed:
22994850]
We hypothesized that TRP channels of the TRPC subfamily may be involved in post-TBI pathophysiology and that the compound 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (carvacrol), by inhibition of TRP channels, may exert neuroprotective effect after TBI.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
To test these suppositions, 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol was given to mice after TBI and its effect on their functional recovery was followed for several weeks. Our results show that neurological recovery after TBI was significantly enhanced by application of 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol. To better define the type of the specific channel involved, the effect of 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol on the extent and speed of recovery after TBI was compared among mice lacking TRPC1, TRPC3, or TRPC5, relative to wild type controls. We found that neurological recovery after TBI was significantly enhanced by combining 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol with TRPC1 elimination, but not by the absence of TRPC3 or TRPC5, showing a synergistic effect between 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol application and TRPC1 elimination.
CONCLUSIONS:
We conclude that TRPC1-sensitive mechanisms are involved in TBI pathology, and that inhibition of this channel by 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol enhances recovery and should be considered for further studies in animal models and humans.
Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2011 Jun;25(3):362-7.
Antidepressant-like effect of carvacrol (5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol) in mice: involvement of dopaminergic system.[Pubmed:
20608992]
Carvacrol (5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol) is a monoterpenic phenol present in the essential oil of many plants. It is the major component of the essential oil fraction of oregano and thyme.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
In this study, the effect of carvacrol was investigated in two behavioral models, the forced swimming and tail suspension tests in mice, to investigate the possible antidepressant effect of this substance. Additionally, the mechanisms involved in the antidepressant-like effect of 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol in mice were also assessed. 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cvc) was administered orally at single doses of 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg. The acute treatment of cvc decreased the immobility time in the forced swimming and tail suspension tests without accompanying changes in ambulation in the open-field test. The anti-immobility effect of 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (25 mg/kg) was not prevented by pretreatment of mice with p-chlorophenylalanine, prazosin and yohimbine. On the other hand, the pretreatment of mice with SCH23390 or sulpiride completely blocked the antidepressant-like effect of 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (25 mg/kg) in the forced swimming test.
CONCLUSIONS:
These results show that 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol presents antidepressant effects in the forced swimming and tail suspension tests; this effect seems to be dependent on its interaction with the dopaminergic system, but not with the serotonergic and noradrenergic systems.
Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2010 Aug;24(4):437-43.
Anxiolytic-like effect of Carvacrol (5-isopropyl-2-methylphenol) in mice: involvement with GABAergic transmission.[Pubmed:
19909350]
Carvacrol (5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol) is a monoterpenic phenol present in the essencial oil of many plants. It is the major component of the essential oil fraction of oregano and thyme.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
This work presents the behavioral effects of 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol in animal models of elevated plus maze (EPM), open field, Rotarod and barbiturate-induced sleeping time tests in mice. 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (CVC) was administered orally, in male mice, at single doses of 12.5; 25 and 50 mg/kg while diazepam 1 or 2 mg/kg was used as standard drug and flumazenil (2.5 mg/kg) was used to elucidate the possible anxiolytic mechanism of 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol on the plus maze test. The results showed that 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol, at three doses, had no effect on the spontaneous motor activity in the Rotarod test nor in the number of squares crossed in the open-field test. However, 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol decreased the number of groomings in the open-field test. In the plus maze test, 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol, at three doses significantly increased all the observed parameters in the EPM test and flumazenil was able to reverse the effects of diazepam and 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol. Therefore, 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol did not alter the sleep latency and sleeping time in the barbiturate-induced sleeping time test.
CONCLUSIONS:
These results show that 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol presents anxiolytic effects in the plus maze test which are not influenced by the locomotor activity in the open-field test.
